i- 




Class 
Book. 



SMITHSONIAM DEPOSIT 




I'lKST (lOVl'.RXOR 




OF MASSACITTTSETT; 








THE 

FIFTH HALF CENTURY 

OF THE 

Landing of John Endicott 



SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. 



COMMEMORATIVE EXERCISES 

BT THE 

ESSEX INSTITUTE 

SEPTEMBER iS, 1878. 



^^. 






From the HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE. 



SALEM: 

PRINTED FOR THE ESSEX INSTITUTE. 
1879. 



PRINTED AT 

THE SALEM PRESS, 
F. W. Putnam & Co., 

Proprietors. 



A 



TO 



TTTTC IvlEMiORY 



CONANT, EnDICOTT, WiNTHROP, 



uS^lSriD THEIR .A-SSOOI-A-TES 

IN THE 

ORGANIZATION OF THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT 

OF 

m:a.ss^ciitjsetxs 

THIS VOLTJME 
IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED, 



CONTENTS. 



Introductiox, 

Exercises at Mechanic Hall, 
Exercises at Hamilton Hall, 

Address of Henry "Wheatland, 

Eemarks of Edwin C. BoUes, . 

Response of Governor A. H. Eice, 

Response of Mayor Henry K. Oliver, 

Response of Robert C. "Winthrop, . 

Response of Marshall P. Wilder, 

Response of Dean Stanley, . 

Letter from Chief Justice Gray, 

Response of William C. Endicott, 

Response of Leverett Saltonstall, 

Response of Benjamin Peirce, 

Response of George B. Loring, 

Response of Fielder Israel, 

Response of Joseph H. Choate, 

Response of Benjamin H. Silsbee, 

Address of E. S. Atwood, 
Selections from Correspondence 

From Joseph H. Towne, Milwaukee, Wn 

From Hugh Blair Grigsby, Edgehill, near Charlotte Court 
House, Va., .... 

From Charles Levi Woodbury, Boston, 

From L. G. M. Ramsay, Kuoxville, Tenn 

From John G. Whittier, West Ossipee, N 

From Peter L. Foy, St. Louis, Mo., 

From David King, Newport, R. I., 

From John C. Holmes, Detroit, Mich., 

(V) 



H., 



1 

5 

13 

14 
18 
19 
22 
26 
83 
41 
44 
45 
47 
51 
55 
64 
66 
75 
81 



86 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
94 



Vi CONTENTS. 

Poem by Charles T. Brooks, 95 

Ode by William W. Story, 117 

Oration by William C. Endicott, 143 

Appendix, 181 

Notes on the Eemarks of Henry Wheatland, George B. 

Loring, and Benjamin H. Silsbee, with notices of the 

following, 183 

Joseph Story, 183. Stephen P. Webb, 196. 

Edward A. Holyoke, 184. John Prince, 196, 

Joseph G. Waters, 184. Brown Emerson, 197. 

Timothy Pickering, 184. Lucius Bolles, 197. 

B. W. Crowninshield, 185. John Brazer, 197. 

Nathaniel Silsbee, 185. James Flint, 198. 

Kufus Choate, 186. Joseph B. Felt, 197. 

Benjamin Pickman, 186. Henry Colman, 198. 

William Reed, 187. Joshua Fisher, 199. 

Daniel A. White, 187. Andrew Nichols, 199. 

Gideon Barstow, 188. Abel.L. Peirson, 200. 

Gayton P. Osgood, 188. Charles G. Putnam, 200. 

Stephen C. Phillips, 188. Jacob Ashton, 200. 

Leverett Saltonstall, 189. Nathaniel Bowditch, 201. 

Daniel P. King, 189. George Cleveland, 201. 

James H. Duncan, 190. Charles C. Clarke, 201. 

Charles W. Upham, 190. Pickering Dodge, 201. 

Samuel Putnam, 191. Pickering Dodge, jr., 202. 

Nathan Dane, 191. William Gibbs, 202. 

Ichabod Tucker, 192. Francis Peabody, 202. 

John Pickering, 192. George Peabody, 202. 

Benjamin Merrill, 192. William Pickman, 203. 

Joseph E. Sprague, 193. Willard Peele, 203. 

John G. King, 194. Dudley L. Pickman, 203. 

David Cummins, 194. William Proctor, 203. 

Frederick Howes, 194. Nathaniel L. Rogers, 204. 

John Walsh, 195. Nathaniel Silsbee, jr., 204. 

Ebenezer Shillaber, 195. John W. Treadwell, 204. 

Asahel Huntington, 195. George A. Ward, 204. 



CONTENTS. Vll 

Jonathan Webb, 204. E. Basket Derby, 206. 

Stephen White, 205. William Gray, 207. 

Benjamin Goodhue, 205. Joseph Peabody, 207. 

Nathan Reed, 205. John Bertram, 207. 

Jacob Crowninshield, 206. 
Notes to the remarks of Dean Stanley, .... 208 

Committee of arrangements, 209 

Choir under the direction of B. J. Lang, .... 209 
List of persons present at the Lunch, .... 210 

Historical Events of Salem, 212 

Index of Names, 225 

Errata, 229 



INTRODUCTION. 



§T the annual meeting of the Essex Institute, held 
Monday, Ma}'' 21, 1877, a committee consisting of 
President Wheatland, Hon. James Kimball, W. P. 
Upham, Esq., and A. C. Goodcll, Esq., were appointed 
to consider and report upon the propriety of celebrat- 
ing the 250th anniversary of the "Lauding of John 
Endicott," which would occur in September, 1878. 

At a reguUir meeting, Monday, Oct. 1, 1877, the com- 
mittee reported fiivorably, and in accordance therewith 
the following vote was adopted : — 

Voted, That it is expedient for the Institute to take the 
initiative in the matter of the celebration, and that the 
Hon. W. C. Endicott be invited to deliver an oration on 
the occasion, and also that the committee be authorized 
to make the necessary arrangements. 

The committee deemed it advisable, before proceeding 
further, to invite the cooperation of the city authorities, 
and accordingly conferred with the Mayor, who in his 
inaugural address, delivered on Monday, Jan. 7, of this 
year, alluded to this subject and recommended it to the 
favorable consideration of the council. On the 14th day 
of January that portion of his address was referred to a 
1 



special committee, who, after a conference with the com- 
mittee of the Institute, reported, at a meeting of the 
comicil held on the 11th of the March following, an order 
appropriating $1,500.00. This report was referred to 
the finance committee, who, on the 25th of March, re- 
ported its adoption inexpedient. 

The committee of the Institute, at the annual meeting, 
Monday, May 20, 1878, was authorized to enlarge its 
mimber, appoint sub-committees, and arrange plans for 
carrying out the celebration in an appropriate manner. 

The committee, thus invested with full powers to act, 
after several raeetiuiis cnlar<2:ed its number and arran2:ed 
sub-committees, who, by the liberality of several friends, 
procured the necessary funds and were thereby enabled to 
perform their several duties. Of the mannci- in which 
these have been performed the reader can judge by the 
perusal of the following pages. 



Commemorative Exercises. 



EXERCISES AT MECHANIC HALL. 



Rev. ROBERT C. MILLS, D. D., Chaplain of the Day. 

Mk. benjamin J. LANG, Dikectok of Music. 



I 

ORGAN VOLUNTARY. 



READING OE SCRIPTURE. 

Psalm 147, v. 1. Praise ye the Lord; for it is good to sing praises 
unto our God ; for it is pleasant, and praise is comely. 

12. Praise the Lord, O Jerusalem, praise thy God, Zion. 

13. For he hath strengthened the bars of thy gates ; he hath 
blessed thy children within thee. 

20. He hath not dealt so with any nation; and as for his judg- 
ments they have not known them. Praise ye the Lord. 
Psalm 44, v. 1. "We have heard witli our ears, O God, our fathers 
have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times 
of old : 

2. How tliou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and 
plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them 
out. 

3. For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, 
neither did their own arm save them ; but thy right hand and 

(3) 



thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst 
a favor unto them. 

8. In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for- 
ever. 
Deut. 32, V. 7. Remember the days of old, consider the years of 
many generations; ask thy father and he will shew thee, thy 
ciders, and they will tell tliee. 

8. When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, 
when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the 
people according to the number of the children of Israel. 

10. He found him in a desert land, in the waste howling wilder- 
ness; he led him about, he instructed him, he Icept him as the 
apple of his eye. As au eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth 
over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketli them, bear- 
eth them on her wings, so the Lord alone did lead them, and 
there was no strange god with him. 

Deut. 4, v. 32. For ask now of the days that are past which were 
before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, 
and ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether 
there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath 
been heard like it. 

84. Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the 
midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by won- 
ders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out 
arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the Lord your 
God did for you in Egypt before your eyes? 
35. Unto thoe it was showed, that thou mightest know that the 
Lord he is God; there is none else beside him. 

37. Because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed 
after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty 
power out of Egypt; 

38. To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier 
than thou, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for au inheri- 
tance, as it is this day. 

Deut. 20, v. 7. When we cried unto the Lord God of our fathers, the 
Lord heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our 
labor, and our oppression, 

8. And the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty 
hand, and with an outstretched arm, aud with great terrible- 
ness, and with signs, and with wonders; 

9. Aud he hath brought us into this place, and liath given us 
this land, even a land tliat floweth with milk and honey. 

11. Thou shalt rejoice in every good thing which the Lord thy 
God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the 
Levite, aud the stranger that is among you. 



Psalm 148, v. 1. I will extol thee, my God, King, and I will bless 

thy name forever and over. 

3. One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall 

declare thy mighty acts. 

7. They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great good- 
. ness, and shall sing of thy righteousness. 
I Kings 8, v. 56. Blessed be the Lord that hath given rest unto his 

people Israel, according to all that he promised; there hatli not 

failed one word of all his good promise which he promised by 

the hand of Moses his servant. 

57. The Lord our God be with us, as he was with our fathers, 

let him not leave us, nor forsake us ; 

68. That he may incline our hearts unto him, to walk in all his 

ways, and to keep his commandments, and his statutes, and his 

judgments which he commanded our fathers. 
Psalm G7, v. 1. God be merciful unto us and bless us, and cause his 

face to shine upon us ; 

2. That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health 
among all nations. 

3. Let the people praise thee, God, let all the people praise 
thee. 



Ill 

PRAYER. 

BY REV. EOBERr C. MILLS, D.D. 
IV 

ORIGINAL HYMN. 

BY REV. JONES VERY. 

Though few, with noble purpose came 
Our fathers to this distant wild; 

A Commonwealth they sought to frame, 
From country and from friends exiled. 

Religious freedom here they sought, 
In their own land to them denied; 

With courage and with faith they wrought, 
Nor monarch feared, nor prelate's pride. 



8 



That Comnionwcaltli to power has grown; 

Religious liberty is ours; 
What now we reap, their hands have sown, 

And changed the wild to garden bowers. 

The trees thoj' planted, j-ear by year 

Still yield their precious fruit and shade; 

Fair Learning's gilts still flourish here, 
And Law man's right lias sacred made. 

They from their labors long have ceased, 
On the green hill-sides saintly rest; 

Their sons, in wealth and power increased, 
Have by their fathers' God been blest. 

Their noble deeds our souls inspire; 

Be ours their faith and courage still; 
Keep pure the home, the altar's fire. 

And thus their cherished hopes fulfiU. 



V 

POEM. 

BY EEV. CIIAEI-ES T. BKOOK3. 



VI 

ORIGINAL ODE. 

BY EEV. STEPHEN P. HILL, D.D. 



Hail to the days of yore 1 
When to this Western sliore. 

Our fatiiers came, — 
And settled as their own 
This land, so long unknown. 
Where savage lite alone 

Had erst a name. 



Wild as the winds at first. 
That o'er these regions burst, 

Those feathered forms, 
So barbarous and so low, 
To social life the foe. 
Loomed, like the winter snow 

Or cloud-cleft storms. 



Lonpt fis these shores had stored 
Theii- wealth, all unexplored, 

01(1 lime h;\d slept 
In silence o'er the soil, 
Nor heard the hum of toil; 
But nil this teeming spoil 

For us luul kept. 

For us our fathers bore 
Their fortunes to this shore 

From o'er the sea; 
And we to-day appear 
To hail their high career, 
And sanctify their year 

Of Jubilee ! 

This rock-bound shore, so lone, 
But what a land unknown. 

Before them lay ! ^ 

Whose hills and lakes and streams 
Witiiin its vast extremes. 
Beyond their brightest dreams. 

Now teel their sway! 

For us they laid in light 
The germs of social right 

And civil power; 
Which, fostered by their care, 
Sucli line proportions bear. 
And give their sons to share 

The ample dower. 

By small degrees it grew; 
And better than they knew 

Their work appears, 
In beauty and renown 
To distant ages down ; 
While glory yet shall crown 

Its coming years ! 

Dear to our hearts be still 
Each rock and vale and hill 

Their feet have pressed; 
And be it still our pride 
To cherisli with the tide 
Of centuries, as they glide, 

Their memory blessed. 



FisKKDOiM and Faitti enshrined 
Witliiu the heart and mind, 

By ViuruK wreathed; 
Let tliese our cares engage 
Tliro' each succeeding age; 
Our nol)lest heritage 

By them bequeatlied! 

Upon his ancient staff 
Two centuries and a half 

In age to-day, 
Tlie State again appears. 
Strong in the toil of years, 
With treasures born of tears 

And memories grey. 

That parent pilgrim band, 
Led by Jehovah's hand. 

By this rude coast : 
For fanes their fai.li foresaw, 
Founded in sacred awe. 
Of LiniciirY and Law : — 

Our binhright i)oast! 

Within this savage wild. 
Where culture had not smiled 

From earliest tiuie, 
Tliey found a home ; and here. 
Mid prospects dark and drear. 
Displayed their faith sincere 

By deeds sublime ! 

And children in the flood 
Of pure ancestral blood 

Attend in train. 
And follow as a flock, 
A numerous, vigorous stock, 
Whose energies unlock 

The land and main! 

Hail to the land we love; 
So broad, and blest above 

All others, now; 
Whose wealth, in golden grain, 
Adorns each spreading plain 
And lines, with many a vein, 

The mountain's brow ! 



10 



Tliy li.and, Almi.2;lity One! 
Thro' niicieiit iiunals run 

Divinely rij^lit, 
Still leads oiir later way 
Lilie Israel's shiehling sway 
Of pillar'd cloud by day, 

And fire by uiglit ! 



Thy li.iiht, thy love, thy truth, 
Alike in age and youth, 

Shall lead us on ; 
Thro' error's darkling maze, 
And foes of future days. 
Till peace, o'er empire, sways 

Its rule alone ! 



God of our fatiikks ! Thou, 
Who did'st the State endow 

And mould so free; 
By generations nursed. 
Bid FAiTFr, as at the first, 
With growing volume burst 

lu praise to TiiKii! 



VII 

ORATION. 

BY HON. WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT. 



VIII 

HYMN. 

'The brealcing waves dashed hi(/h."— Mrs, Hemana. 

RENDERED BY MRS. J. H. WEST. 



IX 

POEM. 

BY WILLIAJI W. STORY. 

Head by Prof. J. W. Churchill, 



11 



THE ONE HUNDREDTH PSALM. 

SUNG BY CHORUS AND AUDIENCE. 

All people that on earth do clvvell, 
Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice; 

Hiin serve with mirth, his praise forth tell, 
Come ye before him and rejoice. 

The Lord ye know is God indeed, 
Without our aid he did us make, 

We are his flock, he doth us feed. 
And for his sheep he doth us take. 

O enter then his gates with praise, 
Approach with joy his courts unto, 

Praise, laud, and bless his name always, 
For it is seemly so to do. 

For why? The Lord our God is good. 

His mercy is forever sure. 
His truth at all times firmly stood, 

And shall from age to age endure. 



XI 

BENEDICTION. 

BY EEV. ROBEKT C. MILLS, D.D, 



EXERCISES AT HAMILTON HALL. 

INCLUDING ADDRESSES AND CORRESPONDENCE. 



After the exercises at the Mechfinic Hall the members 
and subscribers Avith their invited guests assembled at 
Hamilton Hall on Chestnut street for a lunch and social 
entertainment. 

The hall presented an exceedingly animated and inter- 
esting appearance, and everything was well arranged and 
conducted with good taste. An orchestra, under the 
direction of Mr. Jean Missud, was stationed in the gal- 
lery over the entrance to the hall, and entertained the 
company, at intervals, with excellent music. On the 
wall opposite to the entrance, behind the President of 
the Institute, was suspended a portrait of Gov. John En- 
dicott, and on each side were fac-similes of the colonial 
flags of Massachusetts and Connecticut, and on the table 
beneath were deposited several interesting relics of the 
colonial period. 

The tables were laid by Mr. Edward Cassell, the well 
known caterer, and Avcre handsomely decorated with a 
choice display of flowers, arranged beautifully in large 
bouquets, and a small one at each plate, with a neatly 
designed carte de menu, a fitting memento of the celebra- 
tion. The lunch embraced more than a score of dishes, 
substantial and elegant. 

(13) 



14 

At 2.30 p. M. the President called the company to 
order and asked their attention while the Rev. R. C. 
Mills, D.D., of Salem, invoked the divine blessing. 

After an hour spent in festivity, the President com- 
menced the intellectual exercises of the occasion with the 
following address : — 



ADDRESS OF HENRY WHEATLAND. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : Permit me to extend a cordial 
welcome to the friends who are with us this day, espe- 
cially to those sons and daughters of Salem, who, after 
years of absence, come to revisit the scenes of their 
childhood and to miite in paying that homage and respect 
due to the memory of a common ancestry ; also to the 
chief magistrate of this old commonwealth, to the repre- 
sentatives of sister societies and to all others who have 
honored us with their presence. 

Let me briefly call your attention to some memorials 
of the colonial period which are displayed in this hall 
to-day. The two flags that are placed on each -side of the 
portrait of Governor Endicott, that hangs on the wall iu 
the rear, are fac-similes of two colonial flags, one of 
Connecticut in 1675 and the other of Massachusetts iu 
1683. On the table we have the original indenture 
under the signature of Lord Sheffield, Jan. 1, 1623, 
granted by the council of Plymouth in the county of 
Devon, England, for settling the northern part of Massa- 
chusetts Bay. Roger Conant was then the governor or 
commander. He arrived in Gloucester in 1624, and re- 
moved to Salem in 1626. This charter or indenture Avas 
superseded by the grant from the Council of Plymouth 
and the subsequent charter under which Gov. Endicott 
acted. The duplicate of this last charter, which was sent 



15 

over lO Gov. Eiulicott in 1629, is on the table. These 
tAvo valuable documents ai-c deposited in Plummcr Hall, 
one the property of the Essex Institute, the other of 
the Salem Athenaeum. Tiie original charter, which was 
brought over later by Gov. Winthrop, is in the State 
House in Boston. There is also the tirst book of records 
of the First Church in Salem, which commenced with the 
ministry of John Higginson who w\as settled in 1G59, in- 
cluding a copy of the principal part of the records of the 
previous doings of the cliuich from an old and much 
defaced volume. Also the Bible that was used by Dr. 
E. A. Holyoke. These are interesting memorials of the 
occasion. 

Fifty years ago this day, in this hall, at the same hour 
of the day, were assembled the members of the Essex 
Historical Society with their invited guests — Governor 
Lincoln, Lieutenant-governor Thomas L. Winthrop, the 
Hon. Daniel Webster, the Hon. Edward Everett, Mayor 
Quincy of Boston, Professors Farrar and Ticknor of Har- 
vard and others — to commemorate the two hundredth an- 
niversary of the landing of Governor Endicott at Salem. 
Of this assembly, all, with few exceptions, have passed to 
the better land; four of the survivors are with us this 
day. The orator of the day was the Hon. Joseph Story ,^ 
one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, an original member and the vice-president of the 
society. The president of [he societ}'', the venerable Dr. 
E. A. Holyoke,'^ whose centennial anniversary Avas appro- 
priately observed by the medical profession of Ijoston 
and Salem on the thirteenth of the month preceding, — au 
event probably without a parallel in the annals of medi- 
cine, — presided. Dr. Hol3'oke was identified with the 

i The figures on this and the two following pages refer to notes in the appendix. 



16 

literary societies of Salem for a period of neaily seventy 
years, from the organization of the old Social Library in 
17(30, and a large portion of the time held an official posi- 
tion. He was also an original member of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences, incorporated in 1780, and 
at one time its [)residcnt. He was also the first president 
of the Massachusetts JNIedical Society incorporated in 
1781. To the earlier volumes of the publications of each 
of these societies he was a liberal contributor. His most 
important communication, which was printed after his 
decease, was a meteorological register kept with great 
care, commenced on the tirst of January, 178G, and con- 
tinued wilh only a few omissions of a part of a da}' till 
the close of the year 1823 : from that time continued in a 
less regular manner to the first of March, 1829, when the 
last record was made. On that day he was confined to his 
chamber by his last illness, and on the thiity-lirst day of 
that month he closed his life of usefulness and benevo- 
lence. We have in our library the day books which con- 
tain an accurate account of his professional [)ractice. 
They comprise 123 volumes of ninety pages each, and on 
each page was the entry of thirty visits, making on the 
average twelve visits a day for seventy-five years. The 
first entry was in Jidy 6, 1749 ; the last was February 16, 
1829. During the last few years of his life the entries 
were very few. 

The secretary of the society was the Hon. Josej)!! G. 
Waters,^ whose death we have recently been called upon 
to deplore. He was secretary of the society for twenty- 
one years, till the union of that society with the Essex 
Institute in 1848. He will long be remembered for his 
deep interest in om- literary and scientitic institutions and 
for his versatile and extensive knowledge of Eniilish liter- 
ature and history. 



17 

The society at that time, which might be callccl the 
Augusttiii period of Salem history, had many men of note 
and distinction ; among them was one* who was a member 
of Washington's military family during the Eevohitionary 
war, and afterwards a member of his cabinet and also 
that of the elder Adams. One^ was a member of the 
cabinets of Madison and Monroe. Three^ were, or had 
been, or have since been senators in Congress, and fifteen^ 
representatives in Congress; one^ justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, a justice of the Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts,^ a judge of probate for Essex 
County, ^^ and twenty members of the legal profession, ^^ of 
whom we may enumerate Nathan Dane, Samuel Putnam, 
Ichabod Tucker, John Pickering, Joseph Story, Daniel A. 
White, Leverett Saltonstall, Benjamin Merrill, John G. 
King, Rufus Choate, and others. There were also mem- 
bers of the clerical ^^ and medicaP^ professions and mer- 
chants.^* The writings of some in history, literature, 
science, law and jm-isprudence were the highest authority. 
The brilliant eloquence of some would draw great crowds 
of attentive listeners not only at the bar, but at the forum 
and in the lecture room ; and there were others, the sails 
of whose ships whitened distant seas, bringing to this 
port the products of every clime. At that time probably 
no society in the United States could exhibit upon its 
roll a greater number of men of influence in the various 
walks of life. 

In determining the time for this commemoration it was 
deemed meet and proper that the same day be selected 
which our predecessors, fifty 3'ears ago, appointed, not 
wishing to discredit their judgment as to which day of the 
13resent new style corresponds with the calendar day of 
1628, nor to express an opinion on a subject that has a'>-i- 
tatcd so much the minds of scholars and historical stu- 

2 



18 

dents. It is well to be correct in matters of history, 1)ut 
practically it is of little consoqnence wlietlier we celebrate 
the sixteenth or the eighteenth, provided that the spirit of 
the occasion is observed. "The letter killeth, the spirit 
maketh alive." We arc humble workers endeavoring to 
buiUl up a superstructure worthy to be placed upon the 
foundation which the predecessors of this society in their 
wisdom so wisely laid, and to carry forward, to the extent 
of our means and feeble abilities, the work which they 
would wish to have done. In order that this may be a 
suitable and enduring monument to their memory, we 
need the aid and cooperation of all ; not only of those 
who reside among us, but of those born on our soil, edu- 
cated at our schools, and who received here that first 
impulse in life that has enabled them to assume positions 
of trust and honor in the places of their adoption. I 
thank you for your kind attention. Before taking my 
scat, allow me to introduce to you the Rev. Edwin C. 
Bollcs, who has kindly consented to assist on this occa- 
sion. [Applause.] 

REMARKS OF THE REV. E. C BOLLES, Ph.D. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: In accepting the honorable 
position of toast master on this occasion, I understand, 
of course, that my duties are simply to indicate the way 
in which others are to walk ; but I am also reminded of 
the many interests which are represented here, the many 
memories which must be recalled, the many voices which 
you will all desire to hear. And because we have begun 
our services at so late an hour, the numerous letters from 
distinguished sons of Salem, or those who have been in- 
vited to our commemoration, will not be read at the table, 
but will be printed in the published and official report of 
these proceedings. 



19 

There is one sentiment that must lead all the rest, and 
great is our regret that no personal response can be made 
to it. Those who laid the foundations of the new colo- 
nies upon these western shores, we arc wont to say, 
"builded better than they knew." At any rate, they 
could not understand how vast the building was to be for 
which they laid the foundations. They could not under- 
stand that so vast an union, so imperial a commonwealth, 
so huge a population, would remember them so many 
years after they had passed to rest, as their fathers — 
their fathers and the founders of their best institutions. 
Permit me to give you, first of all: "The President of 
the United States." [Applause.] 



RESPONSE BY THE ORCHESTRA. 
National Anthem, "Star Spangled Banner." 

INTRODUCING GOVERNOR RICE. 

We cannot be too thankful that this Anniversary comes 
to us in the time of peace, and that, as we celebrate the 
foundation of our state, we can say with pride that not 
one jewel has been lost from the diadem of the Republic. 
And if there be any one of the brilliants which we most 
prize and cherish, it must be that very commonwealth 
whose faint beginnings we celebrate to-day. I give you, 
therefore, as our next toast : "The Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts," and I call upon His Excellency, Governor 
Alexander H. Rice, to respond. [Applause.] 

RESPONSE OF GOVERNOR RICE. 

3Ii\ President and Ladies and Gentlemen: I should 
hardly meet the demands of this notable occasion, if I 



20 

failed to say a few words in response to the sentiment 
which has been so kindly introduced; and I should do 
equal violence to my own sense of propriety, if I were 
to enter npon any extended remarks which would post- 
pone, even for a few moments, the eloquent utterances of 
those guests Avho are present from other cities and states 
and from foreign climes, and for whose voices I know you 
are already in waiting expectation. The orator of the 
day, honorable and honored alike in his name, his charac- 
ter, and his lineage, carried us by easy steps backward 
through the vista of two hundred and fifty years, and in- 
vited us to look npon the germs of the great and noble 
commonwealth which is our pride to-day, and upon a 
condition of social and political society of wonderful sim- 
plicity, of sterling integrity, of dauntless courage, and of 
religious fervor, well worthy to be the seed corn of the 
glorious and honorable outcome which it is our heritage 
to enjoy. I am not among those, who, while paying the 
warmest possible tribute of admiration to the founders of 
the commonwealth and of the nation, partake to any very 
large degree in the apprehension that American character 
and manhood have largely deteriorated from the early 
times. [Applause.] We have to-day, I think, as bright 
and noble examples of all that is honorable and just and 
great in human character and achievement, as we have 
had in any period of our history, state or national ; and 
I think there are unmistakable indications that, should 
any exigency arise calling for the re-assertion of those 
principles and acts which have always been representa- 
tive of the manhood and character of JNIassachusetts, our 
citizens, one and all, forgetful of private interests and 
personal considerations, Avould throw themselves into the 
breach to save the honor and welfare of the connnon- 
wealth. [Applause.] It would indeed be interesting 
to take up the thread of history where the orator left 



21 

it and to follow it down during the remaining two hnn- 
dred years. Hoav marvellous has been the expansion 
of knowledge ! How great the discoveries and reve- 
lations of science ! How manifold the arts in all their 
kinds and appliances I How great the advance of soci- 
ety ; how purified is religious thought; how elevated is 
the plain upon which all civilized nations stand to-day ! 
How vast our resources, how great our opportunities ! 
But I must omit all this and can only bring to you the 
hearty and cordial salutations of the commonwealth, in 
this ancient city towards which I look to-day with a new 
and inspiring devotion and gratitude. And I am sure 
that when the proceedings of this day shall be read 
throughout our borders, the sons and daughters of Massa- 
chusetts will turn to Salem with grateful memories and 
invocations, and heartily desire that "peace may indeed 
be within her walls and prosperity within her palaces ;" 
that the bright sunlight of joy and happiness may be in 
your homes and your households ; and their highest and 
best emulation will be a generous rivalry with you to sus- 
tain what we claim as our common inheritance of privi- 
lege and of honor. [Loud applause.] 



INTRODUCING MAYOR OLIVER, OF SALEM. 

The old and the new meet tofi-ether in this celebration : 
for although Salem is an old settlement or colony, it is, 
comparatively speaking, a new city. If I mistake not, the 
municipal seal puts two hundred years between the found- 
ing and the act which gave it the character of a city. I 
have no doubt that many present in this hall can remem- 
ber that act of 1836 by which Perley Putnam, who had 
been at the head of the selectmen of the town, passed 



22 

over the keys officially to Leverctt Saltonstall, the first 
Miiyor of Salcin. At any rate, I give you as the next 
sentiment, "The City of Salem," and I call upon His 
Honor, Mayor Oliver, to respond. [Applause.] 



RESPONSE OF MAYOR HENRY K. OLIVER. 

Mr. President: Certain reminiscences, which just now 
spring to memory, of days and events long past away, 
when yon and I stood in a dificrent relation to one an- 
other, suggest the thought that with the sense of ordinary 
duty in calling upon me as Mayor to respond to the senti- 
ment alluding to our goodly city, there may, just possi- 
bly, mingle a little bit of pardonable sympathy with the 
schoolboy, who, when not unreasonably nor unseasonably 
chastised for misdemeanor, vowed that, if he grew to 
manhood, he would have his revenge on his master, — a 
not uncommon vow among frisky younglings at school 
such as, when I was in harness as teacher, you were, as 
were sundry other oldsters whom I see hereabouts. And, 
doubtless, neither have you, nor have these other now 
antique venerables of this assembly forgotten, that in the 
ancient days when you and they were the rollicking boys, 
— the peg-toppers, the March-marblers, the kile-tiyers, 
the general mischief-making manikins of the town, 

"Creepiug, like snails, uuwilliugly to school — " 
And I was he 

"On whom you gazed and still the wonder grew, 
That one small head could carry all he knew. 
And you oft laughed with counterfeited glee, 
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he — " 

that in these remote times of "sixty years since," as Scott 
called his early novel of Waverley, yourself and these 



23 

others might have felt, at my hiinds and in your hands, 
something of the chastening rod ; and under its smart 
have then vowed the vow of future revenge. And I 
argue that, not unlikely, you may therefore have wel- 
comed this chance, however late, and consigned me to 
this punishment of post-prandial exposure of speech. 
Yet I was not much, you know, in the forceful way, and 
you could hardly say with Horace, alluding to old flog- 
ging Orbilius, the Roman schoolmaster, 

" Memini quae plasosum mihi parvo 

Oibiluun dictare." 

Recallinjr what, when but a little chap, 
The master taught me with a stinging rap. 

However that may be, I do not propose to permit you a 
long enjoyment of this vengeance, nor to detain this 
goodly company by any superfluous muchness of speech 
from the more toothsome intellectual condiments that I 
am sure are waiting to gratify their expectant appetites. 
And speaking of school and schoolboys, — which last we 
all glory that we once were, — it will not be out of place to 
indul2:e in an excusable vauntino: of the influence of Sa- 
lem's early and continuous efforts at securing those means 
which best insure best citizenship, — and those means are 
the wise education of her children. Upon this duty, the 
more wise duty than any and all others, she entered at 
her earliest epoch, founding here a free Latin School clear 
back in the remote year of 1G37, — two hundred and forty 
3^ears ago, and sending a scholar, Sir George Downing, to 
the class first graduated at Harvard College, in 1G42. 
And all along the years that have since elapsed, she has 
zealously cared for the mental and moral training of her 
children, preparing them for the ordinary work of the 
business of life, as well as continuing a fidl representation 
at our various collegiate institutions. In my own time at 



24 

Harvard — class of 1818 — there were upwards of thirty 
studciit.s from Salem in the several classes of that College. 
And without interruption, she has constantly and amply 
provided, at the general expense, abundant and varied 
edncational means, expending therefor one quarter part 
of her annual revenue, her own sense of justice, as Avell 
as her own sense of true policy, urging her in this most 
wise direction. I know that it is proverbially said, "Let 
another praise thee and not thine own mouth," and, on 
ordinary occasions, it is both discreet and modest to heed 
the counsel. But we, her children, are here to-day on 
our mother's natal day, and are reviewing the methods 
and the means by which, during her long parentage, she 
has reared us and prepared us to act our several parts as 
men and as citizens. We are, in fact, acting the part 
assigned to us in the second party — the "another" that is 
to act in the matter of praise, and it is our lips that praise 
her, and not hers that praise herself. And in retrospect 
of her whole history, pardoning the errors of certain 
periods of that history, — which errors were the legitimate 
outgrowth of the hard-hearted logic of her religious creed, 
— errors these of the general world and not hers alone, — 
and charitably ignoring the less liberal influences that 
hedo'ed in some of her doinors, the strongest reasons, 
aided by a justifiable pride, impel us to be outspoken in 
honorinn: her with our most irrateful homage of heart and 
of lip. I certainly can, without partiality, join in this 
homage, being but an adopted child, Beverly-born and 
Boston-bred, a descendant, in direct line, of Ruling Elder 
Thomas Oliver, an immigrant thither of 1G32 — who was 
so popular with his townsmen that when, by their vote, 
their "horses were no longer to be pastured on the Com- 
mon," they made his beast the sole exception. I can, 
with smallest fear of contradiction, say — that the most 



25 



eminent position Salem has occupied in history, in com- 
merce, in literature, in noticeable local events, in her 
lono- and brilliant array of men of deserved renown, in 
her widely known name, and in the true nobility of her 
record, justifies all the pride of her people, and entitles 
her to hio-hest rank among the cities of the land. So then, 



" Salve, magna parens ! 

Magna virum :— tibi res antiquae laudis et artis 
Ingredior." 

Great parent, hail ! 
Great in thy breed of noble men; 
To speak thy praise, I wield my pen 
And thy renown record. 

So, too, may I apply what the same great poet, from 
whom I quote, sings elsewhere : 

"Vivos ducent de marmore vultus; 

Orabunt causas melius, coellque meatus 

Describent radio, et surgentia sidera dicent." 

"Quique sui raemores alios fecere mereudo." 

Some from dead marble living forms create; 
Some at the courts the cause of right debate- 
Some with the wand mark out the planets' race, 
And some the rising stars prophetic trace- 
See the long line of worthies, all our own, 
Who by desert won praise and high renown. 

How fitting the application of these words to our 
younger Story and our Lander ; to the multitude of our 
distinguished statesmen and lawyers, our elder Story and 
our Choate — to our Bowditch and our Peirce ! and to the 
long line of our illustrious citizens, whose good name 
their own good and pure lives transmitted to us. May 
we, by our continuous eff"ort in imitating, transmit our 
names to those who shall hereafter judge us by the high 
standard of our forefathers ! 



26 



INTRODUCING THE HON. ROBERT C. WINTIIROP. 

History has been called a mirror in which we see the 
liviiiir, moving forms of the p:\st, though like an imperfect 
mirror it may give a blurred or a distorted reflection. 
All honor is therefore to be paid to those who make the 
mirror of history clear. And that work is done better, 
perhaps, by no organizations in the world than by the 
Historical Societies which in local departments or neigh- 
boring fields revive our knowledge of the bj-gone world, 
republish or restate the oracles of the past, or discover, it 
may be buried under the dust of centuries, precious mem- 
orials of those who have gone before. I give you there- 
fore as our next sentiment, "The Historical Societies of 
the United States — fellow laborers in the work of gather- 
ing up the relics of the past." 

I shall call upon two gentlemen to reply to this senti- 
ment, and I first remember the oldest historical society of 
the country — our own Massachusetts Historical Society — 
in whose name the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, its Presi- 
dent, Avill reply. [Applause.] 



RESPONSE OF HON, ROBERT C. WINTHROP. 

I thank you. Dr. Wheatland, Ladies and Gentlemen, 
for so friendly and flattering a reception. I was greatly 
honored and obliged by the early summons which was 
served upon me by the Essex Institute to be present here 
on this occasion. But their Committee will bear me wit- 
ness that in accepting it, as I did at sight, I expressly de- 
clined to be responsible for any formal address. I came 
to hear others ; and especially to listen to the worthy and 
distinguished descendant of him whose arrival here, two 



27 

huiiclrccl find fifty years ago, you are so fitly commemo- 
rating to-day. 

But I cannot find it in my heart to be wholly silent. 
And let me mxy at once, Mr. President, that this is not 
the first time I have participated in celebrating the settle- 
ment of Salem under the lead of John Endicott. I can- 
not forget that I was here fifty years ago to-day. It was 
my well-remembered privilege to accompany my honored 
father, who came, as Lieutenant Governor of the State, 
to unite in representing Massachusetts on that two-hun- 
dredth anniversary of its small beginnings. There were 
no railroads in 1828, and we drove down together from 
Boston that morninof, and drove back again at night, hav- 
hig retired early from the dinner table to allow time for 
getting home before dark. 

I was thus in the way of hearing the eloquent oration 
of Judge Story, in company with Webster, and Everett, 
and Quincy, and the other illustrious guests of that occa- 
sion, and of being in close proximity to the venerable Dr. 
Holyoke, who had already completed the hundredth year 
of his age. I recall him at this moment, as I saw him, 
coming out of his own door, with an unfaltering step, to 
join the procession on its march to the Hall. And here, 
in his own handwriting, is the very toast which he gave 
at that dinner, — a precious autograph presented to our 
old Historical Society by our associate Mr. Waterston, 
and which, by the favor of Dr. Deane, I am able to ex- 
hibit at this festival. 

Here it is, with the autograph verification of Judge 
Story beneath it, — and my distinguished friend next to 
me, the Dean of Westminster, will bear witness, while I 
read it, to the clearness and firmness of the writing: — 
" The Memory of our Pilgrim Forefathers, who first 
landed on this spot on the 6th of September, 1628 (just 



28 

two centuries ago this clay), who forsook their native 
conntry and all they hcM dear that they might enjoy the 
liberty of worshipping the God of their fathers, agree- 
ably to the dictates of their consciences." 

The Dean, in his admirable "Historical Memorials" of 
the world-ronowncd Abbey over which he presides, has 
made special record of the " Monnmcnts of Longevity," 
including, of course, "the gravestone of the olde, olde, 
very olde man," Thomas Parr, "the patriarch of the seven- 
teenth century," who is said to have lived to the age of 
152.^ But I doubt whether Thomas Parr, or anybody 
else of later date, could have executed a piece of pen- 
manship as fair and steady as this, after the authenticated 
completion of his hundredth year. 

And now, Mr. President, I could hardly have excused 
myself, had I failed to come here again to-day, — not 
merely to revive the pleasant associations of 1828, but to 
manifest in maturer years my sense of the intrinsic inter- 
est of the occasion. My coming to your two hundredth 
celebration was only and altogether an act of filial duty. 
I was then a mere law student, just out of college. I 
come now to your two hundred and fiitieth anniversary, 
after a half century of observation and experience, as a 
recognition, both official and personal, of its significance 
and importance. I say official, for I certainly could not 
have reconciled it with my duty, as President of that old 
Massachusetts Historical Society of 1790, which 3'ou have 
just toasted, to absent myself from an occasion which 
carries us back so close to the very cradle of our common- 
wealth. And I say personal, — because I should have felt 
myself disloyal to the memory of my venerated New 



2 Memorials of Westminster Abbey, by Arthur Penrliyn Stanley, D.D. Fourth 
edition, p. 327. 



29 

England progenitor, had I not been here, as his represen- 
tative, to bear testimony to one, who hastened on board 
the "Arbclla" to welcome him, on his own arrival with the 
Charter, in this same "Haven of Comfort," less than two 
years afterwards, and Avho so kindly refreshed him and 
his assistants, as he was careful to record in his journal 
at the time, "with good venison pasty and good beer" ; — 
a bill of fare which might well make some of our mouths 
water at this moment. 

Nor could I have been held guiltless by any of j^on, if, 
by my own delinquency, the name and blood of Governor 
Winthrop had been missing from the representative group 
of the old Fathers of Massachusetts, which lends so siirnal 
a lustre, and so peculiar an historical interest, to this 
scene and its surroundings. Conants, and Cradocks, and 
Endicotts, and Higginsons, and Dudleys, and Saltonstalls, 
— not one of them, I believe, is without a lineal descen- 
dant here, to do honor to his memory ! Well may the 
words of the Psalmist of the old original Salem come 
back to us with new force : " Instead of thy fathers shall 
be thy children : — The children of Thy servants shall con- 
tinue, and their seed shall be established before Thee." 

But this day, Mr. President, belongs peculiarly and 
pre-eminently to old Naumkeag and to John Endicott. 
We are not here to discuss historical conundrums, — if 
there be any still unsolved, after the exhaustive, judicial 
analysis which was made by your accomplished orator 
this morning, — but we are here to recognize and com- 
memorate historical facts. I rejoice to remember that 
Endicott and Winthrop were ahvays friends. No ques- 
tion of priority or precedence, titular or real, was ever 
heard of in their day. They understood perfectly the 
respective parts they were called on to play in founding 
Massachusetts, and they performed those parts with entire 



30 

harmony and concord. It was my good fortune, not many 
years ago, to bring out from ray old family papers more 
than twenty original letters from Endicott to Winthrop, 
— twice as many as had before been known to exist, — 
which had most happily been preserved for two centnries 
and a quarter, and which make up a large part of the 
best illustration of his character and career. They are 
all printed in our "Historical Collections," and they all 
bear witness to the confidence, friendship, and affection, 
which the two old Governors entertained for each other, 
and which nothing ever interrupted or disturbed. 

Endicott lived fifteen or sixteen years longer than "Win- 
throp, and during the latter part of his life was associated 
with troubles and responsibilities from which we all might 
M'ish that he had been spared. He was a man of impul- 
sive and impetuous temper, and sometimes too summary 
and severe in his views and acts. But no mild or weak 
nature could have contended with the wilderness trials he 
was called to encounter. As Palfrey well says, in his 
excellent " History of New England : " " His honesty, 
frankness, fearlessness, and generous public spirit had 
won their proper guerdon in the general esteem." Or we 
may adopt the words Avith which Bancroft introduces him 
into his brilliant "History of the United States :" "A man 
of dauntless courage, and that cheerfulness which accom- 
panies courage ; benevolent, though austere ; firm, though 
choleric; of a rugged nature, Avhich his stern principles 
of non-conformity had not served to mellow, — he was 
selected as a fit instrument to begin this wilderness work." 

As the founder of this oldest town of Massachusetts 
proper, whose annals contain the story of so much of 
early commercial enterprise and so much of literary and 
scientific celebrity, — including such eminent names as 
Gray and Peabody and Derby, and Silsbee and Pickman 



31 

and Pickering ancl Putnam, and Saltonstall and Bentley 
and Bowditch and Stoiy, and Pcirce and Prescott and 
Hawthorne, — his own name could never be forirotten. 
While, as the Governor of the pioneer Plantation which 
preceded the transfer of the whole Massachusetts Govern- 
ment from Old England to New England, — without either 
predecessor or successor in tho precise post which he, was 
called on to fill from 1G28 to 1630,^ — he must always hold 
a nniqne place in jNlassachusetts history. Nor will it 
ever be forgotten, that, when he died, in 1665, he had 
served the Colony in various relations, including the very 
highest, longer than any other one of the Massachusetts 
Fathers. 

All honor, then, to the memory of John Endicott, and 
may he never want a distinguished and eloquent descen- 
dant, like my friend to whom we have listened this morn- 
ing, to illustrate his name aud impersonate his virtues ! 

May I be pardoned, Mr. President, for trespassing a 
moment longer on the indulgence of the company, while 
I give one more reason for my nnwillingness to plead 
either avocations, distance, or age, for not being here on 
this anniversary? There seems to be a disposition, in 
some quarters, to deal disparagiugl}', and even despite- 
fully, with some of the Puritan Fathers of Massachusetts. 
There is a manifest eagerness to magnify their errors of 
judgment and to exaggerate their faults of character or 
conduct. JNlen lind it easier to repent of the oflences of 
their forefathers, than of their own offences. I trust that 
we of Massachusetts may be betrayed into no recrimina- 
tions. We can never exhibit any thing but respect for 
the chivalrous planters of the Old Dominion ; or for the 
brave Dutchmen of New Netherlands; or for the pure- 

» See Life and Letters of John Wiutliiop, Vol. I, pp. 342-352, VoL II, pp. 23-32. 



32 

hearted Quakers of Pennsylvania or New Jersey ; or for 
that irrand impersonation of Soiil-Frcedom which our sis- 
ter Khodc Island recognizes in her ilhistrious founder. 
And, certainly, avc can entertain nothing but the pro- 
foundest admiration and reverence for the Pilgrims of 
Plymouth Colony, — so long independent of our own com- 
monwealth. But all this is consistent with holding, as 
we of Salem and Boston all do hold, I trust and I believe, 
at this hour, that the fathers and founders of Massachu- 
setts proper are to be accounted as second to none of 
them, either in themselves, or in the institutions which 
they established. "We are not called on to defend their 
bigotry or superstitions. We may deplore their occa- 
sional eccentricities and extravagancies. But no other 
characters than theirs could have made New England what 
it is. Indeed, the prosperity and freedom which our 
whole land has enjoyed for a century past have had no 
earthly source of greater influence and efficacy than what 
is called the Puritanism of the Massachusetts Fathers. 

I have no serious fear for the future welfare and glory 
of our country. Out of all the crime, and corruption, 
and political chaos, which are appalling us at this mo- 
ment, light and virtue and order will reappear again, — 
even as the dense and protracted fogs Avhich darkened the 
whole North last Aveek have broken away into the glorious 
sunshine of this day ; or as the terrible fever which is at 
this moment desolating the whole South, exciting all our 
sympathies and receiving all our succors, will soon, by 
the blessing of God, be followed by renewed health and 
happiness. New England may never, perhaps, recover 
her lost ascendency. But her power has passed to those 
in the Great West who do not forget the old hives from 
which they swarmed, and who will not wholly renounce 
the memories or the principles of their Puritan ancestry. 



33 

Lot me once more thank the Essex Institute for the 
privilege of taking part in this interesting festival, and 
assure them of the best wishes of the old Massachusetts 
Historical Society, over which I have the honor to preside, 
for their continued prosperity and welfare. 

INTRODUCING THE HON. MARSHALL P. WILDER. 

I desire the Hon. i\rarshall P. "Wilder, the President of 
the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and 
M'ell-known also as the constant friend and patron of 
rural improvement, to add his word in response to this 
toast. [Applause.] 

RESPONSE OF HON. MARSHALL P. WILDER. 

Mv. President: I thank you for remembering mc in 
connection with the New England Historic Genealogical 
Society, whose mission, like that of your own Society, is 
to gather up, preserve and perpetuate, all that ma)' be 
known in regard to the history antl genealogy of our New 
England people. jNIost heartily do I rejoice that I am 
able to be-prescnt and to participate in the privileges and 
pleasures of the occasion. 

Nothing could be more appropriate than the observance 
of this anniversary. If, as we read in the good book, 
we should hallow the liftieth year, how much more should 
we remend)er the 250th year: the liflh jubilee of the 
landing of our Puritan Fathers on these shores — an 
event, as the orator has stated, whieh must ever be re- 
garded as of momentous character, not only in the history 
of our own New England, but, may I not add, in the 
history of our country and the world. 

The same heavens spread their magic arch of glittering 

3 



34 

beauty over us — the same old ocean rolls its briny hillows 
at (»ur feet, as when they landed here, hnt in ahnost 
every tiling else how changed the scene ! The red man 
has vanislied like the will o' the wisp — the dark forest 
has fallen l)eneath the [)ioneer's axe, the stnbborn soil has 
opened its bosom to tlic ploughman's share, and the iron 
track has opened a highway across onr continent, from 
sea to sea. Populous cities, thriving towns and villages 
have sprung up as by enchantment; civil, literary, scien- 
tihc and benevolent institutions have been scattered on 
our land like gems from the skies, and to-day a popula- 
tion of forty-tivc millions of souls are rejoicing in the 
benefits and blessings of the most free, independent and 
prosperous nation on cai'th. 

]>ut this is not, my friends, the result of chance. No, 
uo, it is a part of that great plan of Divine Providence 
which has for its object the elevation of our nation to a 
higher and nobler scale of civilization, and in wliicli our 
own New England was to perform a most important part. 
How important then the record of everything which may 
pertain to history and progress of our beloved land. To 
this end our Historical and Genealogical Societies have 
been established, and the Society over Avhich you, ]Mr. 
President, so ably and gracefully [)reside, has done noble 
work. 

How astonishing the progress of art, science, and civ- 
ilization in our own day ! How grand the discoveries, 
inventions and genius of our own New England men. 
We have alluded to this before, but we delight to speak 
of it again, that it may be perpetuated in our history 
through all coming time. 

"Tims sliould we tell it to our sous 
And they again to theirs. 
That generations 3'et unborn 
May teach it to ilieir lieirs." 

Listen again for a moment to this wonderful story? 



35 

Who was it that brought the lightning from the fiery 
cloud and held it safely in his hand? Who taught it to 
speak all the languages of earth and sent it with messages 
around the globe ? Who was it that laid the mystic wire 
dry shod from continent to continent in the almost fathom- 
less abyss of the mighty deep ? Who was it that brought 
the heaven-born messenger, lethean sleep, to assuage 
human suffering and blot from the memory the cruel op- 
erations of the surgeon's knife? Who planted the first 
free school on this continent, if not the first free school 
in this world? Whose sign manual appears at the head 
of the signers of the immortal Declaration of American 
Independence? Who were the men, more than any 
others, b}' whose bold adventure and wonderful despatch, 
the iron track was laid across our continent, opening a 
highway for the nations of the world? Were not these 
all New England men? Aye, they were Massachusetts 
men. And who was it that was honored at his death by 
special funeral rites in Westminster Abbey, under the di- 
rection of the Very Reverend Dean who sits by your side 
[applause], who but your own George Peabody, son of 
Salem, whose remains were by order of Her Majesty, 
the Queen of England, sent hither under royal convoy of 
ships in token of his benefactions to mankind? And who 
was it that pronounced the affectionate, eloquent, and 
truthful elogium over these remains of his beloved friend, 
in yonder field of peace ; who but our own cherished 
Winthrop, who honors this occasion with his presence. 

But time would fail me, were I to speak in detail of the 
benign influence of New England genius and New Eng- 
land examples. Suffice it to say, that in all which relates 
to the elevation and welfare of the human race she has 
always stood boldly forth as a pioneer in the march of 
progress and of principle. 



36 

I thank you Mr. President, for your kind allusion to 
me, in connection with the great industrial interest of our 
land. You do me no more than justice when you say 
that I am a friend to rural improvements, for, Sir, I can- 
not remember the time when I did not love the cultivation 
of the soil, and the culture of fruits and flowers. It is 
the instinct of my nature, and I have ever felt that I had 
a mission to perform in this line of duty. I have there- 
fore devoted all the time I could abstract from other cares 
to the promotion of these objects. I have lived to see 
great improvements in the agriculture and horticulture of 
our country, and to them Essex County has been a large 
contributor. From the earliest history of New England, 
Essex County has been celebrated for the promotion of 
these interests. Here in Salem was planted by Gov. 
Endicott, the first nursery of which we have any account 
in our country. For we find in 1648, he sold 500 apple 
trees to William Trask, for which he received 250 acres 
of land. Here also, was invented the first mowing ma- 
chine in our land of which we have any account, a patent 
having been granted by the colonial government to one 
Joseph Jencks, in 1655, for the "more speedy cutting of 
grasses." Here, in your own Salem, was planted the first 
pomological garden in New England, for the identifica- 
tion of fruits, by Robert Manning, fifty-five years ago, in 
which he had nearly 2000 varieties of trees, and under 
whose personal inspection were tested many hundred 
kinds of fruits — and whose son, still with us, is pursuing 
the same important investigations. Here, too, were early 
introduced, by your merchants and ship-owners, many of 
the finest fruits which we now possess — and among which 
came, seventy-six years ago, that useful and almost indis- 
pensable tomato, now so universally cultivated. 

Your Essex Agricultural Society, now in its sixtieth 



37 

year, has always stood in the front rank of all similar 
associations. Its first president was Timothy Pifkering, 
■Nvho Avas also tlie iirst sceretary of tlie first permanent 
agricultnral society on this continent. Here, also, in 
Salem, were the homes of Joseph Peabody, Leverett 
Saltonstall (whose worthy son sits by my side), and many 
other corporators of the Essex Society. Here, in Essex 
Connty, on a later day, were the homes of Derby, Col- 
man, Newell, Proctor, Cabot, Allen, Ives, Hoffman, the 
Piitnams, and Allen AY. Dodge, so recently taken from 
us, and otlier leaders in agricnltnral and horticultural 
progress. Here are now the farms of George B. Loring, 
President of the New England Agricultural Society, of 
Ben Perley Poorc, for many j-ears Secretary of the United 
States Agricidtural Society, of Benjamin P. Ware, Pres- 
ident of the Essex Agricultural Society, of Dr. J. R. 
Nichols, the eminent agricultm-al chemist, and last, not 
least, the 1800 acres of farms of my good friend. Gen. 
Wm. Sutton. Nor let it be forgotten, that here in Essex 
County Avas the birth-place of Charles Louis Flint, for 
twenty-tive years the Secretary of the Massachusetts 
Board of Agriculture. 

Nor would I fail to express my gratitude to my good 
friends of Essex County who have stood l)y me for twenty- 
five years in all my eiforts to advance the cause of Agri- 
cultmal education — efforts which have culminated in the 
establishment of our As^ricultural Collea'e — a college 
which has already graduated 150 scholars, and whose 
freshman class this year, numbers more than ninety stu- 
dents, and whose President, W. S. Clark, Ph.D., has 
by the order of the Government of Japan, planted the 
first agricultural college in those far off isles, and in- 
stalled over it a president, and three professors, all of 
whom are gradiuites of the Massachusetts Agricultural 
Colle£i"e. 



38 

For tbo woiulcrfiil i)ro£rress in niri'icnitiirc nncl horticiil- 
tiire Avliich wc liavo wilnessetl in our day, \vc are mainly 
indebted to those public spirited gentlemen wbo have 
founded societies for the i)r()m()tion of their interests, and 
to Avhich Essex County has contributed largely. It is not 
a hundred years since the first permanent agricultural 
Society was founded upon this continent. It is not quite 
fifty years since the Massachusetts Iloiticultural Society 
was formed, the great leader in horticultural science ; 
now, these and similar institutions arc counted by thous- 
ands. It is only thirty years since tlic American Ponio- 
logical Society was formed, whose first and last President, 
through a merciful Providence, stands before you to-day — • 
a society whose catalogue embraces lists of fruirs for fifty 
states, territories, and districts of the continent, and at 
whose quarter centennial in Boston, the far oti' state of 
Nebraska, headed by her governor, carried off the "Wilder 
medal for the best collections of fruit. But, marvellous 
as our progress has been, it is but the dawn of that glori- 
ous day when all our lands susceptible of fruit culture, 
shall be brought into use. 

What would Gov. Endicott have thought when planting 
his pear tree in 3 onder field, if he could have foreseeu 
that his example would have been multiplied into thou- 
sands of orchards; that orchards of ten thousand trees of 
a single kind would be planted ; that gardens in the vicin- 
ity of Boston would possess eight hundred varieties of 
the pear; that the apple would be so extensively culti- 
vated, that three comities in the state of New York would 
annually provide more than a million bands of a|)plcs, 
or that the exports of this fruit to the old world would 
amount to 400,000 barrels annually; that the peach crop 
from the peninsula of Delaware and Maryland alone, 
would exceed five millions of bushels a year; that tho 
culture of the grape would be extended to the Pacific 



39 

const; niul the nnniial product of the vine, beyond the I'm- 
niense consumption of fiuit for the tsihle, would produce 
fifteen millions gallcnis of wine; or that the product of 
our fiuit crops annually, would amount to $140,000,000, 
or nearly half the average value of our annual wheat 
crops. 

I thank you, Mr. President, for your kind recognition 
of my efforts to advance the interests of terraculture iu 
our land. But my work will soon l)e done. I have 
passed the summit of the hill of life, have descended 
almost to the valley below. Soon I shall be resting in 
the bosom of mother earth ; but if, as you intimate in 
your sentiment, I have done anything to advance the 
great industrial interests of the Avorld — auj-thing which 
shall live when I have passed away — I shall be content, 
feeling that I have not lived in vain. 

Mr. President, I thank you for the privilege of being 
present on this most interesting occasion; I rejoice with 
you, that wc are favored to-day by the presence of His 
Excellency, Gov. liice, and of our cherished friends, 
Winthrop and Endicott, lineal descendants of the worthy 
men whose deeds are this day commemorated ; and es- 
pecially do wc all rejoice, that we are honored by the 
presence of the Very Reverend Dean of Westminster, 
the illustrious guest from our lather land. [Aiii)lause.] 
INIay your Society go on prospering in the luture as iu 
the [)ast, and may }onr own valuable life and services be 
prolonged for many 3ears an honor to your institution, 
and a benefaction to our country. 

INTRODUCING THE REV. DEAN STANLEY. 

It may not be known to those who are at the other 
tables in the hall, that a dish of pears from the veritable 



40 

Endieott pear tree has been placed before the President 
at the h(>ad of this table, and that Coh)ncl Wilder's ponio- 
logical instincts led him to identify them even from his 
seat some distance away. They are not cxacll}' edible, 
these pears, as yet ; bnt indeed you know it was one of 
tiie Puritan peculiarities to take a long time to have its 
soft side brought out. 

But we must not speak to-day, of all this history as 
though it began with the landing of Endieott or the 
founding of an}' of the colonies in tiiis Avestern world. 
American iiistoiy is not like one of those plants in botany, 
whose root abruptly terminates, bitten off, as the connnou 
mind would say ; for the roots of our American history 
strike down through all this amiivcrsary and into the soil 
of a land across the sea. And to those of us who have 
had even the briefest look n[)on that land, it has given 
especial pleasure to visit ^^\'Stminster Abbey, Avhere 
those great men, who l)ch)ng just as much to us as 
they do to our English brethren, lie in their places of 
honor, and where the earth, consecrated in the name of 
religion at first, has become doubly, trebly, nay, an hun- 
dred and a thousand fold consecrated since that time 
by the wisdom and genius of those whose mortal taber- 
nacles have been laid to rest within it. You will per- 
mit me, therefore, to give as the next sentiment: "Our 
Old Home." And when I call ui)on our honored guest 
to respond to this sentiment, I might name him by any 
one of his many titles to distinction. I might speak at 
length of his service to letters and the church, the cause 
of hunnuiity and the interests of civilization ever\\vhcre. 
But I call him by this one name, the name which is a 
household word in the homes and churches of America, 
and I introduce to you Dean Stanley of AVestminster. 
[Great applause.] 



41 



RESPONSE OF DEAN STANLEY. 

Ml'. President: You are aware that I have been but 
Uxo (lays on this side of the Atlantic. I came to this 
country not to speak l)ut to hear, not to teach but to 
learn, therefore you Avill not expect me, even if there 
were not more i)otent reasons, to address you at pres- 
ent at any great lerigth. Bnt, after the kind way in Avhich 
you have pr()[)osed my health, after the kind reception 
■with which 1 have been met, after the tribute which I 
feel is given, in my humble person, to my own country, 
I cannot but say a few words to ex[)ress the dce[) gratifi- 
cation which I have had at being present, under the kind 
protection of my ancient friend, Mr. Winthrop, and my 
new friend, the governor of JNIassachnsetts [applause], 
on this auspicious occasion. You propose Aour old 
homes, our old homes. It has often struck me that I 
should almost have wished to have been born on this side 
of the Atlantic, as a citizen of the United States, in order 
to have felt the pleasure which I have seen again and 
again in the faces of Americans as they have witiu'ssed 
their old homes on the other side of the ocean. It has 
been my constant pleasure to receive them in that oldest 
of all the old homes, whether of Old England or of New 
England, Westminster Abbey. It is a pleasure to me to 
think that, besides those connnon recollections of the 
great orators and poets and statesmen of the English- 
speaking race, those Avho cross from this side of the 
Atlantic may even find something in that old home which 
may remind them of their new homes here. You may 
see on the walls of Westminster A!)l)ey a tal)let, placed 
in that church by the state of Massachusetts itself, in that 
dubious period over which the eloquent orator of to-day 
passed with so tender and delicate a step. And you will 
see the grave which has been already alluded to, of the 



42 

munificent benefactor of the poor of London ; the tcm- 
poriuy "rave, in M'hich his remains were deposited amidst 
the mourning of the whole pc()[)le of London within our 
walls. You will even see in a corner there, most sai-red 
of memory, Boston harl)or dc[)icted with the sun setting 
behind the westeru world. All these things, when any 
of you come to Westminster Abbey, will, I trust, make 
you feel that you arc at home, even in an American sense, 
within those old familiar walls. 

But I cannot but feel that as there is this pleasure which 
Americans must feel in visiting their old home on tho 
eastern side of the ocean, so there is a pleasure, if not 
reaching back so far, yet still of the same kind, with 
which an Englishman, after long waiting, after long de- 
siring, visits for the first time the shores of this new 
home of his old race. You can hardly imagine, I tiiink, 
the intense curiosity with which, as he enters Boston har- 
bor, he sees the natural features opening upon his view 
of which he has so hmg read in books, and has pointed 
out to him name after name familiar in his own country. 
And when I come to this celebration, cold and hard nmst 
be the heart of that Englishman who would not feel drawn 
to a place hallowed l)y the recollection of those Puritan 
fathers whose ancestors were as valuable an element in 
our society as they can have been in yours. And I, 
speaking for m3-self, long, long before I had formed tho 
design of coming to America, certainly before I had any 
expectation of being present on such an occasion as this, 
had been drawn to the city of Salem by the recollection 
that it was the birth[)lace of one whom I call n)y friend, 
the gifted scnli)tor, whose vigorous and vivid poem wo 
all heard with so nmch pleasure to-day [ap[)lause], and 
also by the genius ranking amongst the first place of tho 
genius of this century, the genius of Nathaniel Haw- 
thorne. [Applause.] 



43 

And listening to all the marvellous strains of interest 
which have gone through the speeches of this day, one 
of the thouglits which strikes nie most forcibly is tliat I 
am carried back from tliese shores to my own country 250 
years ago. I doubt whetlier there is any audience in 
England Avhicli could be equally impressed by any event 
that had taken place in England 250 years ago [ajjplause] 
with the feeling both toward tlie mother country and 
towards this country, and towards the society of their 
oAvn country which I have seen throughout the proceed- 
ings of to-day. The foundation of Salem is indeed an 
event which binds together our old and our new homes, 
and if there is a mixture of light and shade in the recol- 
lections which crowd upon us, it is one of those retlec- 
tions which fill the mind with that double feeling so 
important for the hopeful view of the future destinies of 
our race. If in Salem we stand on the <rrave of some 
extinct beliefs, extinct and vanished away, as we trust, 
forever, so in Salem we cannot. Englishman and Ameri- 
can alike, but look forward to that distant future, the 
future not only of the eastern states, but of those far 
western states of which several speakers have spoken, 
and of those far distant ages in which we cannot forecast 
with any certainty the destinies either of Europe or Asia, 
but in which we still hope that, judging by the past, onr 
own English race may still, under the providence of God, 
eficct new works and fulfil more hopes for the human 
race, such as, perhaps, at present we hardly dare think 
of. 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world. [Applause.] 



RESPONSE BY THE ORCHESTRA. 

"God save the Queen." 



44 



LETTER FROM CIKKF JUSTICE GRAY. 

A letter has been received from the Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court of our Commomvealth, which I will 
read. 

BosTOX, September 9, 1878. 
Ml/ dear Sir: 

Tlic associate justices of the Supreme Judicial Court, 
except Mr. Justice Endicott, request me to say, in their 
behalf as well as in my own, that to our lireat reiiret our 
official engagements at the terms of court established by 
law constrain lis to decline the cordial invit:ition of the 
Essex Institute to be present at the coniincnioration of 
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the landing of 
Govcinoi' Endicott at Salem ; and that we arc therefore 
obliged to leave it to the descendant of the first lawgiver 
of the Massachusetts Colony to icpresent the ccnirt upon 
this occasion. 

Respectfully and truly yours, 

Horace Gray. 



INTRODUCING THE HON. WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT. 

I give you, therefore, as the next toast, "The Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts," and I follow it Avith another 
which is itself suggested by the terms of the Chief Jus- 
tice's letter. I am impressed with one thing especially as 
I stand before 3'ou in this hall : the number of interests 
which are here represented and summed u[) in individuals. 
By that, I mean, that there are so many here who are at- 
tached by more than a single golden link to the memories 
and traditions which we revive or honor to-day. And 



45 

of all such gentlemen, citizens of Salem, or bearers of 
its illustrious names, I think that one may, in particular, 
be mentioned here. I might speak of him as occupying 
an honored place upon the supreme bench of our common- 
wealth. I might call upon him to speak from his posi- 
tion at the head of that institution of science which in our 
community bears the illustrious name of Peabody. I 
might identify him with the spirit of this day, by the 
memory of that ancestor whose portrait is just above his 
head. I shall call upon him by yet another name, and I 
desire that, to the sentiment "The Orator of the Day," 
the Hon. William C. Endicott may reply. [Applause.] 



EESPONSE OF THE HON. WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT. 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : I thank you for 
this kind reception. After the address which I delivered 
this morning, I feel that I should not trespass upon the 
brief hours allotted to us here, for they belong to others 
and not to me. I intended to ask you to excuse me from 
any reply to the sentiment now proposed. But I am 
reminded by the speech of my friend Mr. Winthrop, of 
the remarkable fact that so vaany of the lineal descendants 
of the early settlers are here, and I desire to allude to 
another name, to add one, which in that connection he re- 
frained from mention ins:. It is one of the most interesting: 
features of the occasion that a large number are present 
who claim their blood and descent from those who started 
this colony two hundred and fifty years ago. I said this 
morning, that Endicott was welcomed when he landed, by 
"Roger Conant and three sober men." These three men 
were Woodbury, Balch, and Palfrey — Palfrey the ances- 
tor of the distinguished and ever-to-be-remembered histo- 



46 

I'ian of New England, Dr. Palfrey — and the names of all 
are household words in this neighborhood. My friend 
was right in saying that either at this table or in the 
hall, where we assembled this morning, there were de- 
scendants of Conant, of Woodbury, of Balch, of Palfrey; 
and I see a Palfrey at the end of the table before me. 
[Applause.] There are also descendants of Higginson 
whom Endicott welcomed the next year; and as my 
friend has said, there are descendants of Endicott here. 
I see several of them before me. [Laughter and ap- 
plause.] And there are descendants of that stout Sir 
Richard Saltonstall, who came over with Winthrop. I 
see on my right the familiar faces of two who bear his 
name. I do not know that my friendship for them is 
based altogether upon the fact that our ancestors were 
friends ; but it goes back so far that I cannot remember 
when it began, and their presence recalls pleasing and 
delightful memories. But we have another name, ever 
to be honored in Massachusetts. We have a Winthrop 
here, whom you have welcomed so cordially, and to whom 
I desire to add my welcome. My recollection of history 
accords with his, when he says that Endicott welcomed 
Winthrop, and Winthrop came on shore and was refreshed 
with "venison pasty, and good beer." Endicott was 
then resigning an office, giving up a place ; Winthrop 
came clothed with the insignia of a new power. I have 
no office to resign to my friend ; and he does not come 
to Salem to-day with the power of a governor of Massa- 
chusetts, bearing the seal and the Charter. These his 
great ancestor could not transmit to him, and he was too 
good a republican to have desired it if he could. But his 
great ancestor could transmit other things to him. He 
could transmit and send down with his blood, that capacity 
for afiairs, that sober and moderate wisdom, that rich and 



47 

sonorous eloquence, to which 3-011 have llstenecl to-day. 
[Applause,] I therefore desire to give you as a sen- 
timent, " tlie memory of Conant, and of Baich, and of 
Palfrey, and of Woodbury, Avho stood upon the shore 
and welcomed Endieott; the memory of Saltonstall and 
AVinlhrop, whom Endieott afterwards welcomed. [Ap- 
plause.] 

JNTRODUCING THE HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL. 

"We hav^e not by any means forgotten, in making up the 
sentiments for this occasion, that the honor of the old 
founding was not concentrated in a single name. We 
well know that a good leader requires good followers, 
and that if other names have perhaps, through the force 
of circumstiuices, obtained less lustre than those which 
have been repeated so often to you to-day, there were 
others who wrought with those ancestors of this common- 
wealth to make their work effectual and permanent. I 
bei>' to ijive you, ijentlemen, as the next sentiment: "The 
patentees of Massachusetts and their associates under the 
old cliarter. May their descendants ever be mindful of 
their virtues." xVnd I call upon the Hon. Lcverett Sal- 
tonstall to respond. 

KESPOXSE OF LEVERETT SALTONSTALL. 

I feel painfully conscious that it is for no merit of mine, 
nor even for any official position, that I am invited to 
res[)ond to the sentiment which has just been offered; 
hut merely because it is m}- privilege to bear the name, 
and to have descended from one of those admirable men, 
whose memory we this day celebrate. After the eloquent 
oration of the morning, and the interesting remarks of 



48 

the (lislinguishcd gentlemen who have preceded nic, it 
wouUl 1)C presumptuous in me to do much more than to 
thank you, sir, lor your kind words. 

And yet I should be false to my instincts, to ni}^ native 
place, to the memory of my honored ancestr}^ and es[)e- 
cially of my venerated father, so identiticd Avith Salem, 
had I been absent to-day, or refused whatever duty might 
be assigned to me. 

It is a good thing for us thus to recur to the birthday 
of the town, the state, and may I not s:\y of the nation? 
to that bright day in September when the brave Endicott 
and his band of hardy adventurers entered the bay and 
began the tirst permanent settlement. We strive to pic- 
tnre to ourselves the scene, as it presented itself to their 
admiring eyes, in all the freshness, bc;iuty, and grandeur 
of nature. It is difficult, now, to imagine this place as 
it appeared to them, as they slowly ap[)r()ached this \v\\d 
shore. They had left their native land, ti country the 
most advanced in civilization and refinement, for the pur- 
pose of beginning a settlement in this remote wilderness. 
They arrived in Septeml)er, whilst the forests were still 
in their glory ; and though desolate and uncultivated, how 
grand and beautiful must have been the prospect before 
them ! The islands, the shores, the distant hills were 
covered with lofty trees in their richest foliage. There 
the\' had been amid the silence of ages, a silence imbro- 
ken bv human voice, save that of the savage race whoso 
home was in the forest. 

We linger over their accounts of this new world, espe- 
cially that given by the gentle and saintly Iligginson, 
who was so soon called from those who loved him here to 
his long rest. 

And again on the soft day in June, two years after, 
when the "Arbella" and her consorts arrived, with Win- 



49 

throp, Uiulley, Johnson, Stiltonstall, and others, a goodly 
company, with their wives and children, bringing over 
the charter, which they boldly resolved to execute as a 
constilution of civil government here, instead of a mere 
trading corporation in England, for which it was designed 
— a coup d'etat which decided the destiny of the colony, 
and which made the little settlement here the o-erm of a 
sovereign, free, and independent state. 

No motive springing from the earth was sufficient to 
induce these men to leave their pleasant and luxurious 
homes, to abandon all the attractions of wealth and high 
social position, for this savage wilderness ; in their small 
and miserable vessels, devoid of every comfort, with in- 
sufficient food, to cross what must have seemed to them 
an almost boundless sea, to seek new homes in this "out- 
side of the world." These were men (and women, too) 
of high culture, who eagerly gave up all for ^'freedom to 
ivors/iip God." 

But I am reminded by your toast, Mr. President, that 
I shoidd not omit briefly referring to Sir Richard Salton- 
stall, the first named patentee under the royal charter, 
who, though not so conspicuous as others, was among the 
first to devote himself, his family, and his fortunes to the 
great enterprise, continuing, through life, to be the ardent 
friend and supporter of the colony. No words can better 
portray his truly Christian character, than his own letter 
to the ministers of Boston, Messrs. Cotton and AVilson, 
written after his return to England ; a few words from 
which I know I shall be pardoned for quoting. 

"It doth not a little grieve my spirit to heare what sadd 
things are reported daily of your tyranny and persecu- 
tions in New England, as that you fine, whip, and im- 
prison men for their consciences. * * * Truly, friends, 
this your practice of compelling any, in matters of wor- 

UIST. COLL. XV 10 



50 

ship to doc that whereof they are not fully persuaded is 
to make them sinn. * * * I hope you do not assume to 
youi'selves infallibility of judgment, Avhen the most learned 
of the apostles confesseth he knew but in part and saw but 
darkly as through a glass." A ^^ spirit" which descended 
to his grandson, who refused to sit as one of the judges at 
the special court for the ti ial of the witches. These acts 
bear evidence to a manliness and independence, which 
through all time should be a lesson to their descendants, 
and inspire them with courage to boldly maintain their 
convictions of right. 

And now we have listened to the eloquent words Avhich 
have fallen from the lips of an Endicott and a AVinthrop. 
We rejoice that these admiral )le men, their ancestors, 
among the other good things the}- did for posterity, under 
the kind providence of God, left such a legacy as we 
enjoy in their descendants. And it is a comfort to feel, 
that however the storm of politics may toss our poor 
country, and bring to the surface bad and dishonest 
leaders, we have still among us good and true, wise and 
patriotic men, who, Avhile they carry in their veins the 
blood and bear the names, no less inherit the virtues of 
their illustrious ancestors. 

TOAST TO HARVARD COLLEGE. 

From the carlie^ years of its settlement, the community 
which we represent has been especially identified with the 
cause of academic learning. It has probabl}' supplied 
more students than has any other city in the common- 
wealth to the ranks of our oldest college ; and I am told 
that to-day there are seven instructors upon the board of 
its taculty, who hail in their birth from Salem. So I 
shall give you as the next sentiment: "Harvard College, 
the Pioneer of Academic Learning in our Country." 



51 

RESPONSE BY THE ORCHESTRA. 
"Fair Harvard." 

INTRODUCING PROFESSOR PEIRCE. 

At the mention of Harvard College, I have no doubt 
that some of your eyes turned toward one of our distin- 
guished guests with the expectation that he would be 
called upon to respond to that sentiment. I did not then 
meution his name, for this reason, that I did not care to 
have his individual title to distinction lost in the general 
glory of the university, and also because I wished to 
emphasize in a particular way the call which I should 
make upon him. And I make that call by reminding you 
that the City of Salem has been especially connected not 
only with the science of history, but with the history of 
science. Some of its most cherished shrines are scien- 
tific shrines. Some of its noblest memories are the mem- 
ories of scientific achievement and distinction. And so I 
give 3'ou, as the next sentiment: "The record of Salem 
in Science," and I call upon Professor Peirce of Harvard 
College to reply. [Applause.] 

RESPONSE OF PROFESSOR PEIRCE, OF HARVARD. 

Mr. Chairman : I trust that you Avill permit me to ex- 
tend your subject to one a little grander, and one that 
was referred to, I believe, in my invitation, that is the 
colonial science or the science of the colonies in general, 
and not restrict it solely to Salem. 

Mr. Bolles. — Certainly, sir. 

Professor Peirce. — It is true that the grandeur of the 



52 

theme deserves a more influential and fitting utterance. 
Man, with liis intellect is placed in this intellectual cos- 
mos that he may grow and ex[)and to the full measure of 
his utmost cai)acity, which is, of course, intinite ; and the 
land and the nation where this is readiest and most possi- 
ble, is the natural birth-place of an independent and pow- 
erful republic. Our earliest forefathers understood this 
thoroughly, and they, in the outset, under the inspiration 
of this, produced great men, such as the Wintbrops, 
Wigglesworths, Holyoko, Rittenhouso, Franklin and Bow- 
ditch. They were all born l)efore the Revolution. They 
established universities and colleges all over the land. 
Harvard was but one of them. There was Yale, there 
was Columbia, New York ; there were altogether ten 
colleo:es that were established before the Declaration of 
Independence. They also founded academics, learned 
academies throughout the country. The lirst of the Win- 
throps was himself one of the founders, one of the orig- 
inal founders of the Royal Society of London, and his 
grandson had a volume of the memoirs of the academy 
dedicated to him. And there were four of that family'. 
There were Bowdoin and many other American academics 
that were members of the Ro}al Society. In 1727, I 
think it was, Franklin founded at Philadelphia the Junta, 
or estal)lished the Junta, which was a workingmen's soci- 
ety for the pursuit cf knowledge. And afterwards, later 
than that, 1743, I think it was, that he founded a larger 
society under the name of the Philosophical Society ; and 
ho combined these two societies, afterwards, under the 
national name of the American Philosophical Society." 

I go forward to mention an incident that is closely con- 
nected with this. In 18Go, in the midst of the war for 
the Union, his great grandson, Alexander Dallas Bache, 
foundctl the National Academy of Science. It is inter- 



53 

esting to see how these grent natures studied for union 
and nationality. I remember in the aloomiest times of 
the war, Bache's turning to me and exchiiming : "If these 
men succeed, you and I, professor, will have no country." 
]Massachusetts patriots in 1780, combined in the forma- 
tion of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
This was done in the midst of onr war. It was worthy 
to be done by the descendants of the Pilgrims who came 
to us from Ley den, from that glorious Ley den that after 
the ravages of war and the desolation of famine, asked 
as their first petition to the Prince of Orange, that he 
should establish their university ! And so also did our 
own INIassachusetts patriots, even in the midst of war, 
found the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The 
beginning of the act of incorporation is worthy to be read 
on account of its magniticcnt generalities. "As the arts 
and sciences are the tbundation and support of agricul- 
ture, manufactures and commerce ; as they are necessary 
to the wealth, peace, independence and happiness of a 
people ; as they essentiall}' promote the honor and dig- 
nity of the government which patronizes them ; and as 
they are cultivated and diffused through a State by the 
forming and incorporation of men of genius and learning 
into pul)lic societies ; for this beneficial purpose, the Hon. 
Samuel Adams," — at the head of sixty-two names ar- 
ranged in alphabetical order and terminating with James 
Winthrop — "are hereby formed into and constituted 
a body politic and corporate, under the name of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences." The duty 
especially assigned them Avas ; "to cultivate every art and 
science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, 
dignity, and hap[)incss of a free, independent and virtu- 
ous people." Among the names of the founders of the 
Academy, were many citizens of our State. And we 



54 

may observe of all these, what also we can observe of the 
names of those distinguished men who liave their repre- 
sentatives here present, that not one of these names has 
ever sufiered dishonor [applau!!>e], amid the pestilence of 
dishonor with which the country has been ravaged. [Loud 
applause.] One-fourth of the names of the founders of 
the American Academy were from this very county of 
which this society bears the name, and are a portion 
of that junta of which Essex County may always be 
proud. 

I will here quote an anecdote which I think of some 
interest as bearing upon this question. "About twenty- 
five years ago a wealthy gentleman of New York, pro- 
posed to have three national pictures painted. One of 
these pictures was to include the richest merchants of the 
country, twelve of the richest merchants of the country ; 
the second was to consist of twelve of the most popular 
statesmen, and the third was to consist of the most dis- 
tinguished scientists. Some years after this plan was an- 
nounced, I asked a friend what had become of these 
pictures. "Why," said he with a significant smile, "did 
you never hear the crisis of that tale? When the pic- 
tures were to be produced many, most of the merchants 
had been involved in the misfortunes of the times ; most 
of the Statesmen had lost the favor of their constituents ; 
the scientific men only remained [api)lause and laughter] 
with honor and reputation unimpaired, beca'usc they had 
not been exposed to the changes of fortune nor of the 
multitude." 

Now, sir, instead of a toast I will give you a sentiment : 
May the country born of those born of the Pilgrims who 
came from Leyden, be unequalled in the production of 
sound learning, philosophy, science, and poetry. [Loud 
applause.] 



55 



INTRODUCING THE HON. GEORGE B. LORING. 

We cannot too much, even in scientific Salem, thank 
our friend, the professor, for the new reason which he 
has given why science should be cultivated. I am re- 
minded that several allusions have been made to-day to 
the record of Salem among men of public life, and es- 
pecially to its congressional record. I cannot, of course, 
state the number of men who have gone from this place 
to the halls of Congress, nor can I, not "to the manner 
boi-n," recount their virtues, nor their histor}^ ; but our 
present representative has been invited to reply to this 
toast, and we all regret that sickness absolutely prevents 
him from addressing us to-da}'. I give you, however, 
as a sentiment: "The record of Salem in Congress;" 
and I will ask Professor J. W. Chiu'chill, of Andover, 
to read the response which Dr. Loriug has prepared. 
[Applause.] 

RESPONSE BY THE HON. GEORGE B. LORING. 

Ml . President : It is a striking and interesting historical 
fact that the first appointed Governor of the ^Massachusetts 
Bay Colony and the founder of the first settlement from 
which that colony sprang, has not been recognized as such 
in history or in the honors bestowed upon the distinguished 
fathers of the State. ' JNIy mind is called to the contem- 
plation of this curious fact by the toast to which I have 
been requested to respond, and which refers to the funda- 
mental part of all American government. In the matter 
of cohniial legislation the colony at Nauudicag seems to 
have been peculiarly deficient. It is true the patentees 
were to be a body politic, called the Governor and Com- 
pany of Massachusetts Bay ; and their legislative body 



56 

was to l)e composed of a Governor, Deputy and eighteen 
assistiuits to ])e elected by the general assembly, which 
embraced all the members of the Comptmy. But until the 
removal of the patent to iMassaehusetts, the legislative 
rule was exercised by the officers of the corporation sit- 
ting in London, and holding frequent communication with 
the authorities in this country. It was from the General 
Court sitting in London, that the enactments and instruc- 
tions came. The government here was strictly subordi- 
nate to the Company in England. Its jurisdiction did not 
extend to all criminid offences even. Gov. Endicott was 
appointed Governor in "1(529, according to his best dis- 
cretion Avith due observance of the English laws or such 
instructions as they furnished him with, till the Patent 
was brought over in 1630." It is easy for us to see that 
such a state of affairs could not long be endured. The 
right of representation was claimed by every Englishman. 
The charter was so transferred as to blend into one the 
Company in England and the Colony in America, and, as 
it was said, in order to avoid any collision between Mr. 
Cradock, the Governor of the Company, and Mr. Endicott, 
the Governor of the Colony, a new choice of officers was 
deemed necessary, and the choice fell upon eTohn Win- 
throp. Then it was that legislation in the Colony com- 
menced ; and the controversies which attend legislation 
connnenccd also. It will be remembered, moreover, of 
John Endicott, that he Avas a stern and uncompromising 
Puritan, and jilaced himself at once in sympathetic com- 
munication with the Pilgrims at Plymouth. He was 
opposed to all the ecclesiasticism of the church of Eng- 
land, and expelled John and Samuel Browne from the 
Colony on account of their devotion to Episcopal forms of 
worsliip. The disturbance which grew out of this act 
became very consideral)le. The Brownes, on their return 



57 

to England, compluinetl bitterly of their treatment, and 
induced the Court of assistants to urge on Gov. Endicott 
to be careful about introducing any laws which might have 
a tendency to damage the State. The enterprise, more- 
over, for various reasons, proved to be unprotitable ; and 
that the iisheries and the profitable trade of the colonies 
presented strong inducements to the minds of the Puritan 
emigrants, there can be no doubt. Milder counsels. Colo- 
nial legislation, an increase of capital and mercantile 
capacity, presented temptations which could not be re- 
sisted. AVhile we admire, therefore, the stern qualities 
of John Endicott and recognize the value of his ctticient 
devotion to principle, and his valor, as armed with "the 
sword of the Lord and of Gideon," he stood firm for his 
convictions, and made all material interests subordinate to 
the cause of Christ, we can easily understand why it was 
that he lost his place in the line of the conditores impe- 
rionim, and yet retained still the lustre of his greatness. 
For this legislative imperfection in the career of the 
colony of Naumkeag, ample amends were rapidl}^ made. 
In 1645 the General Court agreed to hold their sessions 
successively in Boston, Cambridge, and Salem. In 1774 
the colonial legislature convened here, resolved that a 
General Congress was essential, and that it meet next 
September in Philadelphia, and they proceeded to choose 
as delegates Richard Derl)y and Richard Manning, names 
held in high honor in their day. From this time until the 
adoption of the Constitution, Salem was more engaged in 
the strife for freedom than in the legislation which at- 
tended it and immediately followed it. The military 
career of Timothy Pickering, commencing in the success- 
ful resistance to British ao;gression at the North Bridge 
and ending only at the close of the great Avar, was the 
contribution which Salem made to the lono^ line of revo- 



58 

lutionary heroes — a tribute unsurpassed by any commu- 
nity in our struggling and self-sacriticing country. 

In surveying the course pursued l)y those, who, as 
citizens of Salem, have re[)resented what was long known 
as the Essex South District in the Congress of the United 
States, one is struck with the devotion of these men to 
the best principles of Government and to the highest 
wants and necessities of the times in Avhich they lived. 
In the business of constructing the Government, and in 
the advocacy of useful reform, they stood among the 
foremost. At the head of the line stands the name of 
Benjamin Goodhue,''^ whose wisdom as a citizen and in- 
tegrity as a merchant are held in high esteem here to-day. 
His career in Congress commenced in 1789 as Representa- 
tive, and euded as Senator from jNIassachusetts in 1800. 
He was distinguished for his careful scholarship while in 
college, his wise and successful enterprise "while in 
business, and his practical usefulness while in Congress. 

Xathan Read^*^ was the next of our citizens to take his 
seat in Congress. His service commenced in 1800 and 
euded in 1803. Of his congressional career Ave know 
but little. He was devoted to science, was an inventor 
long before patent laws were known in this country, and 
stirred the waters of Wenham Lake with a boat propelled 
by steam before the steam-driven keel directed by Fulton 
had ploughed the bosom of the Hudson River. He 
closed his life as a Judije of Probate in the State of Maine. 

Jacob Ckowninshield" was the immediate successor of 
Mr. Read. He was a prosperous and leading young 
merchant of the town. He represented the Repul)lican 
element of that day, and at the close of his tirst and only 
Congress he was offered a scat as Secretary of the Navy 
in the Cabinet of Mr. Jefferson, a position which he de- 

i=Tlie Ijgures on this aud the live following pjiges refer to notes in llie appendix. 



59 

clined, preferring the comforts of private life to the toils 
and trials of office. He died young ; but he left an hon- 
orable reputation as a citizen and merchant, Avhich is 
sustained at home and abroad by one who through his 
maternal ancestor has inherited the name and blood of 
this distinguished son of Salem. 

Joseph Story,^ the poet and orator and lawyer and 
jurist and legislator, followed Mr. Crowinshield after an 
interval of two years, representing the same political 
sentiments as his mercantile predecessor. His career in 
Congress was marked by great independence of his party, 
and by the zeal and industry with which he discharged his 
duties. Shortly after the close of his congressional career 
he was appointed a justice of the Supreme Judicial Court 
of the United States, by President Jefferson. As a wri- 
ter on law, and on the constitution, he has never been 
equalled ; as a teacher of law he was fascinating and in- 
structive ; as a contributor to the literature of his day he 
pei-formcd an important part ; as an orator he stood fore- 
most at a time when the State was distinguished for its 
brilliant and powerful speakers. I cannot forget that he 
was one of a gahixy of orators whom I heard at the sec- 
ond centennial celebration of the founding of Harvard 
College, on Avhich occasion he had as associates in that 
great oratorical display, Edward Everett, John Quincy 
Adanis, Daniel AVebster, Robert C. Winthrop, Pelcg 
Sprague, and the brilliant and youthful poet, Oliver AA'en- 
dell Holmes — an assembly in which Judge Stor}', with 
his fervid, rich and impassioned eloquence, had l)ut one 
superior, and he the matchless orator of our country in 
his day and generation, and the presiding officer on that 
occasion. 

Benjamin Pickman,' born of one of the oldest, most 
prosperous and most respectable families in the town, 



60 

siiccceclcd Judge Story in 1809, and retired in 1811. lie 
was a strong federalist in politics and was a warm and 
ardent friend of Josinli Quincy, who was Ins colleague in 
Congress. He was strongly opposed to the policy of Mr. 
Jellerson and represented the sentiments of those mer- 
chants of the town who were antagonistic to the embargo 
law. The friendship thus esttUjlished botwoen himself and 
Mr. Quincy Avas never broken. He stood by this rc- 
markal)le man in all his controversies. He was a graduate 
of Harvard College and a liberal patron of letters. He 
was a member of the Convention that revised the State 
Constitution in 1820, and he died in Salem, 1843. 

Timothy Pickering* was the next citizen of Salem Avho 
followed Col. Pickman. His entire life had been spent in 
the service of his country ; and he had shown himself to 
be a great soldier, a great cabinet minister, and a great 
senator. He possessed undaunted courage, perfect integ- 
rity, and a nice sense of honor. He contribnted largely 
to the legal information which guided the Colonies through 
many difficult questions connected with the war, and took 
an active part in some of the most important engagements 
of the conflict. His mind was eminently practical. He 
was a successfid farmer and for many years applied not 
only his sound experience to the tilling of the soil, but his 
keen intellectual faculties to the discussion of all ques- 
tions bearing upon the farmer's interests. He was for a 
long time President of the Essex Agricultural Societ}^ 
placed there l)y the farmers of Essex, because he enjoyed 
the contidence of all the leading agriculturists of his day. 
He held office on account of the valuable service he had 
performed, and not to gratify his own restless desires. 
He died in Salem, January, 1829. 

Nathaniel Silsbee,*' a distinguished merchant of 
Salem, was chosen a member of Congress in 1816 ; served 



61 

in the House until 1820, and in the Senate from 1826 to 
1835. He belouged to one of the lending families of the 
towu who had done much to develop the commerce of 
Salem ; and by his judgment aud sound sense he largely 
increased its influence in the business and councils of the 
commonwealth. He was a strong supporter of President 
John Quincy Adams, and he left behind him a high and 
honorable record. He died in Salem, July, 1850. 

Gideon Barstow^ was Mr. Silsbee's successor. He 
was born in the old Colony, moved early in life to Salem, 
practised for a time the profession of medicine, and after- 
wards became a successful merchant. He was a high- 
toned and honorable gentleman, served through one 
Congress, and died in March, 1852. 

Benjamin W. Chow^ninshieli/ was elected to Congress 
in 1823, having previousl}' Ijeen a most efficient Secretary 
of the Navy in the cabinet of President Madison. He 
was an ardent sup[)orter of the war of 1812 and violently 
opposed to the Federal tendencies of his District. He 
had great confidence in the American Government and 
contributed liberally toward its financial support during 
the trials and hardships of the contest. He represented 
Massachusetts in an impressive style, journeyed to Wash- 
ington with his own equipage and endeavored in every 
way to maintain the social dignity of the Commonwealth. 
He was an earnest leader in the political contests of this 
town, and removed to Boston at the close of his political 
career. He died in February, 1851. 

Rurus Choate'* was in many respects the most brilliant 
senator and member of the House, whom Massachusetts 
has ever sent into the Halls of Congress. He brouoht to 
the subject of the law, to which his life was earnestly 
devoted, great shrewdness and adroitness, and profound 
knowledge of its fundamental principles warmed by a rich 



fi2 

imno-iiiation and o-rcat skill. lie was indeed a oreat advo- 
cate. But it was manifest to all, that when he left his 
profession and entered upon literary and oratorical pur- 
suits, his mind received fresh strength and energy from 
the new work in which he was engaged. He had an 
intense love of letters, and his trit)utes to books have 
never been surpassed even by the distinguished orators of 
antiquity. He was the warm friend of the huml)lest client 
that appealed to him for advice; and he left a memory 
around the Bar of Essex County, which his contemporaries 
cherish with admiration and from which his successors in 
a younger generation hud much to guide and stimulate 
them in their work. He died in Halifax, July 12, 1859. 

Stephen C. Phillips^ entered Congress in 1834. He 
w%as a graduate of Harvard College and had long taken an 
active i)art in the largest mercantile enterprises of his 
native city. He went to Congress tilled with the spirit of 
reform, and in all his actions in the House, he was guided 
by the sentiments of humanity and philanthropy for which 
his District was distinguished. He tilled many otfices of 
public importance in the Connnonwealth, devoting his 
time and money to the cause of education, and was one of 
the founders of the Freesoil party of 1848. He died by 
accident, June 26, 1857. 

Levkkktt Saltonstall^ was elected in 1839, and re- 
mained in Congress till 1843. He was one of the leaders 
of the Essex Bar for many years, and one of the most de- 
voted and energetic supporters of the interests of Salem. 
He maintained during his long life the most intimate rela- 
tions with the cultivated men of the Connnonwealth. He 
was an ardent A^'hig and a great admirer and sup[)orter of 
Mr. Clay ; but notwithstanding his strong political con- 
victions and his warm political attachments, he never lost 
sight of the courtesies and kindnesses of life, tolerated 



63 

with a gentlemanly and noble generosity all differences of 
opinion, and never allowed them to disturb his relation8 
with his contemporaries throughout the State. He was a 
warm friend, a wise, honest and eloquent lawyer, and a 
most cheerful and benignant member of Societ}'. In 
Congress he devoted himself to questions affecting the 
industries of the country, and it is to him that we owe the 
protective tariff of 1842. He died in Salem, May 8, 184.5. 

Charles W. Upham^ was elected to Congress in 1853. 
He commenced life as a merchant's clerk ; graduated at 
Harvard in 1821 ; he then adopted the ministry as a pro- 
fession, and w%-is for many years settled over the First 
Church in Salem. He w^as a vigorous and graceful writer 
and the author of some of the best biographical sketches 
in our language. He published a Life of Sir Harry Vane ; 
a History of Witchcraft, and a Life of Timothy Pickering. 
After leaving Congress he was for two sessions President 
of the Massachusetts Senate ; and he then retired from 
public life. He died in Salem, June 15, 1875. 

These are the representatives whom Salem has sent into 
the councils of the Nation ; and these are the services of 
which she has a right to be proud. Her connection with 
the legislature of the country, notwithstanding the early 
Colonial obstacles, has been influential and important in 
all the various forms of Government which have existed 
here from the ancient times. I trust her future will be as 
honorable as her past. 

INTRODUCING THE REV. FIELDER ISRAEL. 

It is emphatically to-day, the time of remembering 
first things, and we shall omit one of the most impor- 
tant factors in the history of Salem and the State did we 
not remember the foundation of the earliest church. I 



04 

give you as our next toast, "the First Church of Salem." 
The two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of that church 
itself is almost at hand, and I call u[)on the Rgv. Fielder 
Israel, its pastor, for a res[)onse. 

EESrONSE OF THE KEY. FIELDER ISRAEL. 

31)'. President Mid Mr. Toast- Master : You will allow 
me to say, in view of the lateness of the hour and the 
fact to which you have alluded, th;it the two hundred and 
fiftieth anniversary of this oldest church in America is 
almost at hand, that I shall not now attempt to reply at 
any length to the sentiment you have offered. 

Suffice it to say that if, according to the word of Mat- 
thew Arnold, "there goes to the building up of human 
life and civilization these four powers — the power of con- 
duct, the power of intellect and knowledge, the power of 
beauty, and the power of social life antl manners," then 
these founders and fathers of the First Church not only 
possessed these moral forces, but used them, according to 
the light they had, wisely and well, and built a church to 
the Living God, on the Pillar and Ground of the Truth. 
They subscribed no creed, but with Francis Iligginson, 
their first minister in 1()29,^ they subjected themselves 
under a perpetual Covenant of Love to God and His 
Truth and to one another. 

They believed in God and worshi[)ped Ilim alone. 
They gave themselves to the Lord Jesus Christ, as Ilngh 
Peters exhorted them in 163(5,'^ and to the word of His 
grace ^'iov the teaching, ruling, and sanctifying of them 
in matters of worship and conversation, resolving to 
cleave to Him alone lor life and glory, and oppose all 

» Covenant of 1629. * Covenant of 1630. 



i 



65 

contrary ways, canons, and constitutions of men." From 
the beginning witli John Endicott they made the Sermon 
on the Mount, if not the only, the sufficient rule of faith 
and practice. They believed in humanity and respected 
manhood, and gave themselves to the work of its regen- 
eration and retinement with a zeal that knew no service 
too great, no sacrifice too costly. All life to them was 
sacred. Liberty, Labor, and Learning were to them ordi- 
nances of religion, of divine appointment, as well as Bap- 
tism and The Supper. 

Through this faith they worked righteousness, wrought 
wonders, and subdued the kingdom. Hard, harsh, stern, 
and severe as they seem to us they were sincere, honest, 
and true, and believed they were doing God's service. 

We would not now choose their methods nor copy their 
manners. 

"The old order changeth, yielding place to new, 
And God fulfils Himself in different ways." 

This church remains until this day free and indepen- 
dent, thoroughly organized, interested and engaged in 
every good word and work. After two hundred and fifty 
years, 

"It stands as it ever has stood ; 

And brightly its Builder displays 
And flames with the glory of God." 

^^Esto perjpetua."^ [Loud applause.] 

INTRODUCING JOSEPH H. CHOATE, ESQ. 

I have sometimes thought that a new catechism in his- 
tory should be written, and that if one wanted to know 
where William the Conqueror was born, or where Mary, 

sMotto and seal of the Church first given by the Hon. Judge White. 
HIST. COLL. XV 11 



66 

Queen of Scots, hacl her nativity, the answer should be 
uniformly and in all cases, "Salem;" for the sons and 
daughters of Salem are so well scattered, it would seem 
to me, especially in places of honor and repute all over 
the country, that I am not surprised at anything or 
anybody especially good claiming its ancestry here. 
[Laughter.] I give you as our next sentiment: "The 
sons and daughters of Salem in other cities," and I call 
upon a gentleman whom I am sure will enforce more 
emphatically what I have said in my prelude. I call 
upon Mr. Joseph H. Choate to respond. [Applause.] 

EESPONSE OF JOSEPH H. CHOATE, ESQ. 

Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen: The Salem 
people abroad for whom you bid me speak, take, I am 
sure, a lively interest in this two hundred and fiftieth 
anniversary of the landing of Governor Endicott. Not 
indeed that the blood of Endicott has ever wandered 
far or in copious streams beyond the borders of New 
England ! The fact is that the Endicotts, the Win- 
throps and the Saltonstalls have flourished too well upon 
the parent stock and have been too much prized at home 
to be driven, except on rare occasions, by inclination or 
by necessity, to seek their fortunes beyond the domains 
of New Enghmd, which they helped to plant and to es- 
tablish. See how they present themselves before us 
to-day. Fair types of all the past ! Endicott, the su- 
preme judge, well representing the old colonial governor ! 
Winthrop, bringing to the shrine of his honored ancestry 
a personal fame which is better, far better, than to have 
been the governor of any State, even of JNIassachusetts ! 
[Applause.] Saltonstall, my respected teacher in the 
law, the most worthy son of a man whom all Salem has 



67 

ever delighted to honor ! [Loud applause.] But after 
all a great share of the glory of Endicott and of Wln- 
throp was in their following, in that band of devoted fol- 
lowers who came with them and after them and helped 
them to make their great enterprise a success — these cul- 
tured gentlemen, these sturdy yeoman, all of the purest 
English stock, who established and extended the boun- 
daries of this ancient city, who organized, under the 
guidance of Endicott, its tirst church, who built its first 
houses, who laid out its first streets, and whose descend- 
ants afterwards, in many generations, started its com- 
merce and pressed it to the furthest confines of the globe, 
so as to make the name of Salem respected and honored 
on the shores of all the continents. It is from these men 
that we trace our proud lineage, and it is this that makes 
the sons of Salem proud of the place of their birth. 
[Applause.] 

Of course, Mr. President, it requires great forecast for 
a man to select a birthplace of Avhich he shall always be 
proud ; [laughter] but he must indeed be an unreasonable 
creature, who having America for a continent and Massa- 
chusetts for a State, Essex for a county and Salem for a 
native town, is not entirely satisfied. [Laughter and 
applause.] Of course a man born anywhere can get 
along somehow. [Laughter.] I suppose that the native 
of Topsfield, or of Middleton, or of Beverly, if he re- 
pents promptly, [laughter] and moves into Salem and 
does well there, [laughter] may plead some excuse for his 
original sin, [laughter] and if he be of a lively imagina- 
tion may even begin to boast of it. Why, Cicero boasted 
of being born at Aspinum, and Rufus Choate at Hog 
Island ; [laughter and applause] but it was after the one 
had become the great orator of Rome, and the other of 
Boston, and so, by their own fame, as it were, had ex- 



68 

tended the boundaries of the cities of their adoption to 
embrace the humble, but thanks to them, historic phices 
of their birth. [Applause.] 

But Salem, Mr. President, is so old, so queer, [laugh- 
ter] so unique, so different from all other places upon 
which the sun in his western journey looks down, so full 
of grand historical reminiscences, so typical of everything 
that has ever occurred in the annals of American life, 
[laughter] that he Avho has had the good luck to be born 
here may really claim it as a peculiar distinction. You 
have heard all day, to the going down of the sun, of its 
historic glories, and I will not repeat them to your addi- 
tional fatigue ; but I want to remind you of one thing, 
and that is that the man who is born in Salem must pay 
the penalty of that distinction. And chiefly in being just 
a little older to the cubic inch than any other man born at 
exactly the same moment in any other part of North 
America. [Loud laughter and applause.] How, sir, 
could it possibly be otherwise, with human beings born 
and bred in these old houses which have cradled so many 
of our race for upwards of two centuries, that humanity 
itself has got used to being started here and finds itself 
an old story at the beginning? [Laughter and applause.] 
I wish to suggest it as an interesting and at the same time 
subtle enquiry for the scientists of the Essex Institute 
[laughter] to compare the new-born Salem baby with an 
infant born at the same moment in Kansas, or Colorado, 
or Montana. I venture to say that the microscope would 
disclose a physiological difference. [Laughter.] The 
microscope would ascertain a slight, perhaps a very slight 
mould of antiquity, [laughter] but which all the waters 
of Wenham could never wash off. [Laughter and ap- 
plause.] How can a man born in Derby street [laughter] 
or Norman street — Norman, who came over with Conant, 



69 

who was here long before Eudicott arrived, — or Essex 
street — a high-wa}' for the Indians before even Conant 
thonght of coming — how can such a man ever feel like a 
new and absolutely young creature? [Laughter.] No, 
]\Ir. President, he can not do it. This stale tiavor and 
tinge is bred in our bones. It is in the marrow, it is in 
the red corpuscles of the blood, it is in the roots of the 
tongue and of the hair, and you can no more rub it out 
than the farmers of Massachusetts can weed out the witch- 
weed and the woad-wax that Governor Endicott brouijht 
over as choice garden plants. [Laughter and applause.] 
Friction with the world don't destroy it in the least. 

And so it is that you may know a Salem man wherever 
you meet him, the world over. He carries^ about him a 
little "Auld lang syne" that shows where he came from. 
Sometimes it is in the cut of his jib, and sometimes of 
his coat ; sometimes it is the way in which he cuts across 
a street corner, always slanting, never at right angles ; 
[laughter] or from his style of shortening things, as the 
way he utters some familiar words. He never takes oflF 
his c-o-a-t but his cote ; [huighter] he never rides upon 
the road, but always on the rode ; and if you should pick 
up a final g, in "ing," you may be pretty sure that some 
of his Salem people are the unfortunate people who have 
dropped it ; but if you can hear him say " git," of course 
3'ou Avill know his very origin and almost the street from 
which he came. [Laughter and applause.] Now in this 
family meeting, as an illustration of this subject, perhaps 
you will pardon me for telling a little personal anecdote. 
A short time affo I was arg-uinof a case in our court of 
appeals at Albany with some earnestness, and there sat 
by me a gentleman bred and born in the South. He lis- 
tened with attention, and when I got through he congrat- 
ulated me, "but," said he : "I would have given a hundred 



70 

dolliirs if you hadn't said "git." [Laughter.] Well, 
Mr. President, how could I help it? [laughter] Governor 
Endicott said it, [laughter] all my progenitors in this 
town have said it for two hundred and fifty years, and so, 
Mr. Chairman, I believe it is more than half right. 
[Laughter and applause.] 

Well, perhaj^s we ought not to allow a stranger to in- 
dulge in these free criticisms of ourselves, but I am not a 
stranger. Though not familiar in these streets for the 
last quarter of a century, I claim to be a Salemite of the 
Salemites. [Applause.] My maternal ancestors were 
here for untold generations. They nuist have been here. 
It is difficult to identify their names, because you know 
when you go back eight generations you have about 128 
progenitors, in that degree, and some of them must have 
been here with Conant. They must have gone down on 
the end of Derby wharf with him to welcome Endicott. 
The orator of the day didn't mention the circumstance 
because he didn't know it. [Langhtcr.] You must not 
smile at that for an anachronism, because I challenge any 
antiquarian to go down upon that venerable pile and view 
its foundations and its structure, and give it anything 
short of an antiquity, long before Endicott thought of 
coming here. [Laughter.] Well, they helped to raise, 
these maternal ancestors of mine, helped to raise the 
First Church which it has been the glory of the Essex 
Institute, after 200 years, to resurrect and restore. They 
were in that hooting and howling crowd that followed 
Cassandra Southwick, strapped to a cart's tail and whipped 
through the streets of this ancient city. And then later 
they were in that other procession, with death at the head 
and Cotton Mather at the rear [laughter], that marched 
from St. Peters street to Gallows Hill with the victims of 
the witchcraft delusion. They were at the North bridge 



71 

when Colonel Leslie made his unceremonious retreat, 
and went whence he came. They listened to the Declar- 
ation of Independence, first read on Salem common ; 
[applause] and on the quarter deck and before the mast, 
for many generations, they contributed to create, through 
all the periods of its progress and decline, the commerce 
of Salem. So I claim to be to the manor born and to 
have a right to speak of Salem and of Salem institutions 
as I think. 

And, knowing this, I suppose, Mr. Chairman, it is that 
you have called on me of all this company to speak for 
the Salem people abroad. Well, I will say only a few 
words. We make up the great mass of the population 
of Salem. [Laughter.] Almost all Salem people go 
abroad and very few of them remain at home. [Laugh- 
ter.] I believe you nmnber about 25,000 within these 
ancient walls. We, the Salem people abroad, count our- 
selves by hundreds of thousands. [Laughter.] You 
may find us on all continents, in every country, in almost 
every city, on all oceans, and on all isles of the sea. We 
engage in all sorts of occupations, providing only they 
are honest — for j^ou will bear me witness, Mr. Chairman, 
that honesty is a Salem trait. Not to dilate upon their 
virtues and their merits, I would say that they are all 
doing pretty well. I think I may say of them, as you 
have heard said so much to-day of their ancestors, that 
they live lives of honesty, of industry, and of economy, 
and that makes up the great staple of Salem character at 
home and abroad. They remember, sir, with gratitude 
this ancient city, and above all the schools of Salem ; and 
what they got in them they regard as her best legacy to 
her departing children. In those palmy days of Salem, 
Mr. Chairman, when I was a child, education was no 
joke. [Laughter.] The business of life began with us 



72 

in earnest as soon as we had learned to speak. There 
was no playing or dallying for the children till they were 
seven or eight years old, as is now too often the case. 
At three j^ears old the great business of education must 
have been fairly started. [Laughter.] Why sir, I per- 
fectly remember at the age of two and three-quarters 
being led by the distinguished judge of the district court 
of the southern district of New York, — who had then at- 
tained the ripe age of four, [laughter] and who, I may 
say in passing, even then exhibited those marked judicial 
qualities of mind and character [loud laughter] which 
have recently attracted the attention of the President of 
the United States, — being led by him to that ancient semi- 
nary for beginners in Summer street adjoining the bench 
of Benjamin Cutts, which as for surpassed all modern 
kindergartens as these excel common infant schools. 
AVell, then, at the age of seven, the boys of Salem of 
this district were transferred to the central school in 
Court street, under the shadow of the old court house, to 
be thrashed for the period of three years under Abner 
Brooks, of blessed memory. [Laughter.] Felt, in his 
remarks on Salem, has made one curious and inexcusable 
blunder, which for the truth of history, I wish to correct. 
He declares that the whipping post that used to stand iu 
the rear of the old court house was not used after 1805. I 
know better. I can swear from personal knowledge that 
it was still in active use in 1839, and can show you the 
very spot. [Laughter.] Well, then we were transferred 
to that high school under the gentle, the patient, the ever 
faithful Kufus Putnam, the best model of perfection in a 
teacher, I believe, that even Salem has ever seen. [Ap- 
plause.] And last, not least, came that glorious old 
establishment in Broad street, the public Latin school, 
the schola jjiiblica jjrima, which had stood from the fouu- 



73 

elation of the colony, which sent George Downing, who 
proved to be one of its worst boys, to Harvard college to 
join its first class, and which had sent a long procession, 
two hundred years long, of the fairest of Essex chosen 
from the homes of Salem, to graduate at Harvard col- 
lege ; and at last, after our time, was merged in the high 
school. I rejoice to have seen, within a few days, our 
old master, still living and walking these streets ; [ap- 
plause] and I hope he has been here to-day to enjoy the 
prosperity and gratitude of all his old pupils ; and I am 
sure they will join with me in saying that no living citi- 
zen of Salem can show a record of so much done for the 
welfare and good name of this city as he. He was harsh 
sometimes, we thought. He had a monogram. They 
were not much in fashion in those days, but he had one 
that he applied to the hands and legs and backs of refrac- 
tory pupils. It was "O. K. O. K. O. K.," and anybody 
who went to the public Latin school could translate it 
as "an awful cut from Oliver Carlton's awful cowhide." 
[Laughter.] Well, it was not as bad as it seemed. It 
was a most impartial institution, because it mattered 
nothing at all to the master hand that wielded it, whether 
it fell on the aristocratic back of an Endicott or a Salton- 
stall, or the more common cuticle of a Choate or a Brown. 
[Laughter;] This Ave can say with literal truth of it, I 
think, namely, that it was more honored in the breach 
than in the observance. [Applause and laughter.] 

Well, then, the finer arts which Salem added to the 
education which she offered to her children. Who has 
forgotten Jacob Hood, who taught the boys pretty much 
all the music they ever knew ? His fame as a composer 
and teacher may be more limited than that of JNIendels- 
sohn or Liszt, but they never had such hard subjects to 
deal with, and his success was wonderful because he 
taught some of us to sing who never had made the at- 



74 

tempt before. And tlicn the lighter and more fantastic 
art to which this temple in which we sit was dedicated. 
I would like to have these tables swept away, and see 
whether we have forgotten all the painful teachings of 
those days. [Laughter and applause.] Why, this is the 
very spot ; and when I look up and down these tables 
this afternoon and see so many of the fair forms we left 
behind us — we the Salem people who have gone away — 
how the thirty years that have intervened disappear and 
slip away ! How young they all appear again, how slen- 
der, how fresh, how fair! Why, Mr. Chairman, let me 
tell it as an historical incident, that on the very spot 
where you now sit I have seen the daughters of Governor 
Endicott, in the seventh generation, take steps that would 
have won applause from their stern Puritan ancestor him- 
self, if he had been permitted to look upon them. [Ap- 
plause.] 

But the day is passed ; the sun has already set. I 
wanted to say something of some great names that have 
shed such lustre upon Salem. [Cries of "go on."] 
There is one that I will not omit, because, in my judg- 
ment, and I believe in that of many of the sons and 
daughters of Salem abroad, it is the dearest and most 
precious jewel in the diadem of imperial Salem. I give 
you the memory of Nathaniel Hawthorne, a native of 
Salem, descended from her earliest settlers ! So i mimed 
was he with the genius of her sons, and so deeply has he 
enthroned it in his matchless works, that though its an- 
cient buildings will crumble, though the forests should 
grow again between these historic rivers, and the phice 
be forgotten where Salem was, her name, her traditions, 
and the spirit of her history, will still be familiar so long 
as men can read in the English tongue "The Twice Told 
Tales," and "The House of the Seven Gables." [Great 
applause.] 



75 



INTRODUCING BENJAMIN H. SILSBEE, ESQ. 

You will find in Miirtineau's History of England an 
allusion to Salem, in the reports which British travellers 
used to carry home from America concerning the abun- 
dance of Oriental luxuries and furniture in the homes of 
that cit3\ It was from the East that Salem drew its first 
great wealth. Its mercantile connections Avith the East 
Indies are still remembered wherever Salem is known, 
though the vessels that sought those distant seas have 
long since ceased to anchor in our bay. I give j^ou as 
the next sentiment : "The Commerce of Salem and the 
East India Marine Societ}^" a toast to which Mr. Benja- 
min H. Silsbee will respond. 



RESPONSE OF BENJAMIN H. SILSBEE, ESQ. 

3Ir. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: It seems par- 
ticularly appropriate that the sentiment just announced, 
and to which I have been called to reply, should thus 
unite the "Commerce of Salem" and the "East India Ma- 
rine Society," for in the past the two have been naturally 
associated, and each somewhat mutually dependent on the 
other. Without the enterprise which started the foreign 
commerce of Salem, after the war of the Revolution had 
ended in the independence of the colonies, the class of 
men who were the founders of the "East India Marine 
Society" would probably have sought other fields of use- 
fulness and employment, and without the aid of such 
men that commerce would not have attained the promi- 
nence which it did, and which caused Salem to be known 
far and wide as one of the principal pioneers in the India 
trade, and the names of her merchants, her ships and her 



76 

sinp-mfisters to be familiar in almost every part of the 
civilized Avorkl. It might have been more appropriate, 
if the sentiment to which I am replying had said the past 
commerce of Salem, for though many of her citizens are 
ship-owners and importers of East India merchandize, to 
a very considerable extent, yet their vessels are never 
seen in her harbor, and her commerce is virtually a thing 
of the past, the memory of which only survives and 
brings up, on occasions like the present, pleasant recol- 
lections of her former business and enterprise. 

The history of the commerce of Salem is y^i to be 
written, and it is to be hoped that under the auspices of 
your 3'oung and active society, Mr. President, an histo- 
rian will be found to put on record, before it is too late, 
the facts connected with its rise and progress. The com- 
mei'ce of Salem, previous to the war of the Revolution, 
was by no means inconsiderable, and during the war her 
citizens were very active in fitting out privateers ; but in 
what I may have to say regarding that commerce, I shall 
confine my remarks to what was after the peace of 1783. 

I cannot, in the time allotted to me, attempt to give 
even a slight sketch of its extent, or the names, with very 
few exceptions, of its prominent merchants. Perhaps the 
most prominent, inasmuch as he dispatched the first ves- 
sel from Salem to China, and was earlier engaged in the 
East India trade than an}'' of his cotemporaries, was Elias 
Haskett Derby, ^^ a man of large wealth, great enterprise, 
and one of Salem's most respected citizens. In Novem- 
ber, 1785, he sent the ship "Grand Turk," Ebenezer 
West, commander, to the Isle of France and China. A 
ship from New York for the same destination had sailed 
in February, 1784, owned by several parties in Philadel- 
phia and New York. So that to Salem belongs the honor 
of having sent the second vessel to China from this coun- 

"The figures on this and the two following pages refer to notes in the appendix. 



77 

try, and the first from a New England port, loaded and 
owned solely by Mr. Derby. His India business rapidly 
increased, so that in 1789, out of fourteen American ves- 
sels in the Chinese waters, five of them hailed from Salem, 
and all were the property of Mr. Derby. Many of the 
ship-masters in the emplo}^ of Mr. Derby and others were 
very young men, as were also the officers and crew. A 
striking instance of this is the foct that, about the year 
1792, the ship ''Benjamin," Nathaniel Silsbee, master, 
was cleared by Mr. Derby for the Isle of France with not 
a man on board of her, neither her captain, officers, nor 
any of her crew having attained the legal age of twenty- 
one. Mr. Derby died in 1799, at the age of sixty. 

Another of the prominent merchants in the early days 
of the commerce of Salem, whose business was continued 
many years after the death of Mr. Derby, was Mr. Wil- 
liam Gray.^^ Mr. Gray was a native of Lynn ; came to 
Salem when a boy, entered the counting-room of a mer- 
chant of that day, and eventually became one of the 
wealthiest of Salem's wealthy merchants, and, without 
doubt, at one time her largest ship-owner. In 1806 there 
were seventy-three ships, eleven barks, and forty-eight 
brigs employed in foreign commerce belonging to Salem, 
of which one-quarter were the property of Mr. Gray. 
He was devoted to his business, and his habit for fifty 
years was to rise at the dawn of day, and go over his 
large correspondence. He was a most patriotic citizen, 
and used his great wealth with a most liberal hand. Mr. 
Gray removed to Boston about the year 1809, where he 
ended his earthly life. Many of the captains in Mr. 
Derby's and Mr. Gray's employ early became ship- 
owners, and these, with many others, active and enter- 
prising merchants, whose names are most familiar to our 
citizens, some of whom carried on a very extensive busi- 
ness, might be mentioned, but time will not permit. 



78 

If the full history of this commerce should ever be 
written, it will be seen how much those men of a former 
generation have contributed to the prosperity of Salem. 
But there is one, whose business life covered a space of 
more than fifty years, and who was probably more exten- 
sively engaged in commerce in this long period, than any 
other of Salem's distinguished merchants, — with the ex- 
ception perhaps of Mr. Gray — one who is distinctly 
remembered by all of us, who have arrived at middle 
age, to whom I cannot but allude. Joseph Peabody^'' 
was prominent as a merchant for so many years, carrying 
on so large a proportion of his business in Salem, that 
any account, however brief, would be imperfect without a 
glance at the extent of his business. jNIr. Peabody was 
a ship-master in his early days. Retiring from the sea in 
1791, he engaged in commerce, continuing in it actively 
till towards the close of his long life, being owner at 
diff'erent times of eighty-three vessels. His vessels were 
employed in voyages to Calcutta, China, Sumatra, St. 
Petersburg, and other European ports, most of them 
briuiiinc: return cargoes, which were sold in Salem. I 
have alluded thus hastily to three of the most prominent 
merchants of our city, and would gladly have extended 
the list. These men Avith many others were witnesses of 
the dawn of Salem's commerce, and its meridian bright- 
ness, and have long since passed onward and upward. 
But we have with us yet, one well-known and most 
valued citizen, who witnessed the setting of that com- 
merce in which he had so long been engaged, his vessels 
having been the last to enter the harbor of Salem from 
ports beyond the Cape of Good Hope. May Mr. John 
Bertkam'^^ long be spared to enjoy the distribution of his 
wealth. 

The East India Marine Society was formed in the sum- 
mer of 1799, and regularly organized in October of that 



79 

year by the choice of a president, treasurer, secretary and 
committee of observation. The conditions of member- 
ship were that the candidate for admission should have 
been master or supercargo of a vessel beyond the Cape 
of Good Hope or Cape Horn. The objects of the society 
were declared to be : first, to relieve the wants of the 
widows and children of deceased indigent members, out 
of the funds of the society ; second, to make such obser- 
vations and experiments as would tend to the improve- 
ment and security of navigation ; third, to form a collec- 
tion of natural and artificial curiosities, principally from 
ports beyond the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn. 
The society has always been a charitable one, and con- 
tinues to this day to distribute the income of its funds 
amonsf indigent members, or the widows and children of 
such as have deceased. The second object of the society 
has not been overlooked, and in its earlier days especially 
received the careful attention of its members. Its some- 
what famous museum, now transferred to the "Peabody 
Academy of Science," will bear witness that the third 
object of the Societ3^ was faithfully accomplished. Most 
of the ship-masters and merchants who had formerly been 
ship-masters, became members of the Society at an early 
date, and took an active interest in its success. Many of 
these men were among our most prominent citizens, and 
some of them were called upon to fill places of honor and 
responsibility in the town, the state and the nation. Of 
these, I can now name but one whose fame has extended 
far beyond the limit of his town or his country, who is 
known among scientific men as the translator of La 
Place's "Mechanique Celeste," and among navigators as 
the author of the "Practical Navigator," which for more 
than seventy years has been the standard work on the 
subject. Nathaniel Bowditch joined our society shortly 



80 

after its formation, and continued an active member until 
he left Salem in 1820, having been its secretary, presi- 
dent, and one of the committee of observation. 

Mr. President, I have said that the commerce of Salem 
was a thing of the past. The same may be said of the 
East India Marine Society. But not soon can it be for- 
gotten among the descendants of its founders, and its 
museum, preserved and taken care of as it will be, will 
long help to keep its memory fresh and green in the 
hearts of the citizens of our good old town of Salem. 



CLOSING SENTIMENT. 

Fifty years ago a very characteristic celeln*ation marked 
the two hundredth anniversary of the day whose com- 
memoration occupies us at this hour. There are four 
gentlemen present here who had a part in the festivities 
of that time — Messrs. K. C. Winthrop, George Peabody, 
Caleb Foote and Nathaniel Silsbee. Of the survivors of 
that time two others may also be remembered, though 
absent — Stephen P. Webb and George Wheatland. As 
our last toast let us take : "The Survivors of the Celebra- 
tion of fifty years ago." 

RESPONSE BY THE ORCHESTRA. 

"Auld Lang Syne." 



81 



The following is the text of the address prepared by 
Rev. E. S. Atwood in response to the sentiment: "The 
Essex Institute — onr Host at this Commemorative Festi- 
val." This, intended for the closing toast, was omitted 
on account of the lateness of the liour. 



ADDRESS OF REV. E. S. ATWOOD. 

When the pride of London, the Cathedral of St. Paul's, 
had been brought to completion, and the hopes and labors 
of years had their outcome in the massive walls and 
stately areas and swimming dome of the great minster, 
the question arose, in what way an appreciative people 
could best express their estimate of the architect, in 
whose genius the magnificent pile had its birth. The 
expedient adopted was as significant as it was simple. 
A tal)let on the inner wall of the Cathedral bears the 
inscription : "Si quairis monumentum, circumspice." The 
man's work is the man's best testimonial. 

And so, Mr. President, in response to this sentiment, 
I have only to say "Si quperis monnmentnm, circumspice." 
This brilliant array of eminent men w4io have come to- 
gether at the invitation of this Society, this garnered 
wealth of historic research which has been so freely placed 
at onr disposal, the tide of eloquence and learning which 
has flowed without pause, since the opening of these 
exercises, these fair faces that forget for a little while 
their youth, in their reverend interest in the past, all are 
better testimonials to the position and worth of the Essex 
Institute, than any poor words of mine could be. It is 
rarely, I think, that any organization succeeds in grouping 
on a single spot so many men of mark, or is able to crowd 

HIST. COLL. XV 12 



82 

between sunrise and sunset so much that is valuable of 
sound learning and so much that is pleasing in witching 
speech as this association has been privileged to sununon 
and command to-day. 

And yet, sir, it is to be remembered that this occasion, 
satisfactory as we trust and believe it has been, is only 
one blossom of the work which the Essex Institute is 
patiently and faithfully endeavoring to do, and is doing. 
Formed thirty years ago by the union of the Historical 
and Natural History Societies, it has zealously followed 
the line of research of both of its progenitors, and has 
achieved not only an American, but also a continental 
reputation. Some of its expedients for promoting a gen- 
eral interest in the objects for which it exists, have re- 
ceived special commendation at home and abroad. Its 
field meetings held in various parts of the county, and 
sometimes outside of the limits of the state, have been of 
great advantage to many communities, and qnickened a 
zeal for scientific and historical studies. The familiar lec- 
tures and valuable papers which it yearly gives to the 
public, constitute in the aggregate a most generous con- 
tribution to the thought of the times. Speaking of this 
whole class of work, the well known London magazine, 
"Nature," says : — 

"* * * While affording a medium for the publication 
of papers of sterling scientific value, the Essex Institute 
has not been unmindful of the no less imperative duty of 
scientitic bodies, that of promoting a taste for science 
among the educated but unscientific public. We in this 
country have perhaps erred in too much ignoring the j)^^o- 
fanum vulgus. It becomes, however, yearly more and 
more manifest that science must become no esoteric relig- 
ion, but that it must grasp, in its all-including embrace 
every section of the community. It is douI)tful, indeed, 
which class of scientitic men deserves best of the repub- 



83 

lie, those who devote the whole of their time to actual 
work in the laboratory or the dissecting room ; or those 
who of the riches of their knowledge impart to the 
ignorant crowd in the lecture room or by the popular 
treatise. With the names of the former will doubtless 
be connected the most important discoveries of the age; 
the latter will have the satisfaction of knowing that they 
have done their part towards making science really popu- 
lar, towards spreading its blessings among the masses. 
The danger is when the instruction of the public is under- 
taken by those who have not practically made themselves 
masters of the mysteries they presume to communicate to 
others." 

Looked at from any and every point of view, the Insti- 
tute deserves well both of scholars and the community at 
large. 

And so, Mr. President, I think that we shall all admit 
that it is a matter of regret, that this society should be so 
hampered in its work by the limitation of its surround- 
ings. It has no home of its own, being only a tenant at 
will in the building belonging to the Salem Athenteum. 
It is true it has been reasonably well accommodated in its 
present quarters, but its large and invaluable collection 
of books and manuscripts is poorly protected against fire, 
and it is the constant fear of the managers that that peril 
will be realized when it is too late to avert disaster. As 
things are now, one hour of flame might sweep away what 
has been so patiently gathered by the earnest work of 
more than a half century. What the Institute needs, and 
what some of its friends think it has fairly earned, is a 
building of its own, commodious, fire-proof, and arranged 
with reference to future growth. Our own citizens, the 
inhabitants of Essex county, the wealthy and large hearted 
men Avho belong to that numerous class which we are fond 
of designating as "the Salem people abroad," all of these, 



84 

it seems to us, ought to be glad to lend a helping hand in 
this enterprise, which is not local but national. Give us 
this which Ave so greatly need, ladies and gentlemen, and 
we assure you that the past accomplishments of the Essex 
Institute, creditable as they are, shall be only the hint of 
the larger and better work which shall be done. In that 
building of which we dream, and which we have set our- 
selves to secure, might be gathered and preserved the 
records and relics of the old families of the Common- 
wealth, the portraits that hand down in pictured distinct- 
ness from generation to generation the memory of good 
and true men and women, the histories of cities and 
towns; in a word, all that pertains to the old life and the 
new, of the state. Past experience justifies us in believ- 
ing that with a rallj'ing centre so stable, there Avould be a 
constant influx of books, manuscripts, works of art, tilings 
new and old, a collection that would please the curious, 
delight the antiquarian, instruct the student, aid the his- 
torian, benefit every class in the community. If these 
words seem enthusiastic, it is to be remembered that it. is 
tlie enthusiasm of truth. Men can hardly give themselves 
and their means to a nobler work, than the sending down 
to posterity, undimmed, the handwriting of God in his- 
tory. 



SELECTIONS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. 



Milwaukee, Wis., July 23, 1878. 
Mr. Geo. M. Whipple, Secretary Essex Institute, 

Dear /Sir: I should be most happy to be able to say, in 
reply to the friendly invitation of your Committee, that I 
would be present with you on the 18th of September next, 
and take part in the services of the occasion. 

Salem is a dear old town to me — the place of my 
nativity — the home of as happy a childhood as boy ever 
knew. There is no spot on the earth associated in my 
mind with so many sacred and tender memories. In im- 
agination I often go back to the old town — people its 
streets with the scenes and living throngs of more than 
half a century ago — revisit the haunts and playgrounds 
of my boyhood, and converse, or seem to converse, with 
friends of other days, till the present vanishes into 
shadow, and the past rises before me with all the vivid- 
ness of a living reality. 

The tree has been transplanted ; but its roots and fibres 
still remain in the soil that gave it birth. 

I ivish I could be with you, and give utterance to 
thoughts and emotions that are ever welling up in my 
mind and heart as often as Salem is brought to my re- 
membrance. But I cannot. I am now eleven hundred 
miles away — an old man in my seventy-fourth year — 
with voice so impaired and broken that I am not able to 
address even a very small assembly. 

(85) 



86 

But everything that reUites to Salem is of interest to 
me ; and therefore though absent in body on the day of 
commemoration, I shall be with you in spirit. 

It was when thinking of dear old Salem that I penned, 
some time ago, a little ballad, containing among others 
the following lines : — 

O give me back my boyhood's dreams, 
Wheu life was young, and hills and streams, 
And fields and flowers, shall be as then. 
And birds will sing old songs again ! 

O give me back the friends I knew, 

The playmates of my earlier years, 
When hours on golden pinions flew, 

And tears were only April tears ! 

The brook by whose sweet banks I strayed 

With hook and line, in careless joy. 
Will babble over former tales. 

And I shall be once more a boy ! 

Hoping your day of commemoration will be all you 
anticipate, very truly yours, 

Joseph H. Towne. 



Edgehill, near Charlotte C. H., Virginia, 
September 9, 1878. 

To Henry Wheatland, Esq., 

Dear Sir: I am much obliged to j'ou for the kind invi- 
tation of the Essex Institute to attend the celebration of 
the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the landing 
of Governor Endicott at Salem, and deeply regret that I 
cannot be with you on so interesting an occasion. I take 
a special delight in those anniversaries which commemo- 



87 

rate the founding of States, and I would rejoice to behold 
the gathering of the genius and worth and patriotism, 
and, let me add, the beauty, of Massachusetts around a 
common altar. 

What an influence the year eighty-eight seems to have 
exerted on the destinies of the Anglo-Saxon race ! The 
year 1588, in which John Endicott was born, perhaps the 
hour of his birth, saw Queen Elizabeth on horse-back, 
with pistols in her holsters, exhorting her army to stand 
up for the liberties of England then menaced by the In- 
vincible Spanish Armada, Avhich was hovering about the 
British coast. And had Endicott lived to the age of your 
townsman, the venerable Holj^oke, he would have hailed 
the British Revolution of 1688, to which England owes 
that prestige which has made her the greatest nation the 
sun ever shone upon. And then recurring to our own 
land, we have another commingling of the eights in an 
American centennial epoch, that of 1788, when the pres- 
ent federal constitution was ratified by a people whose 
territory was bounded by the river St. Mary's in Georgia, 
with a portion resting on the eastern bank of the Missis- 
sippi, on the waters of which our fathers could not launch 
a skift' and bear their annual product to the sea without 
vailinof their flag to a foreign fortress, and beofaino^ a li- 
cense from some haughty minion of the king of Spain, 
but which now extends from Alaska to the gulf of Mex- 
ico, and from sea to sea; a constitution, by the way, 
under the influence of which from the small besfinninofs 
of John Endicott, which you are about to commemorate, 
has arisen one of the grandest commonwealths of the new 
world or the old. 

It would indeed be 'a pleasing office to hear the lessons 
of American experience of two centuries and a half ex- 
pounded from the platform by your eloquent men, and to 



listen to the voice of the living lyre swept by the hands 
of your distinguished minstrels ; but my infirmities make 
such a privilege impossible to me ; and I can only assure 
you of the cordial sympathy I cherish for the brilliant 
success of your celebration, and of my earnest wishes 
that it may tend not only to impress and instruct our 
hearts and our minds with the recollections of the past, 
but inspire us all with fresh hopes of the future of our 
common country. 

With great respect and esteem for the gentlemen of 
your Committee, and for the members of the Essex Insti- 
tute, I am truly yours, 

Hugh Blair Grigsby. 



Boston, Sept. 12, 1878. 
To Messrs. Henry Wheatland and Others, 

Genilemen: Let me acknowledge the receipt of a kind 
invitation to be present with you at the two hundred and 
fiftieth anniversary of the landing of Gov. Endicott at 
Nahumkeig, and at the same time express my regret that 
a prior engagement to be in Milwaukie that day, renders 
it impossible for me to be with you on that occasion. I 
trust, however, that your day will be brilliant and the 
services gratifying to all interested in the early history of 
NeAV England. 

Little has been preserved of the history of the period 
during which Gov. Endicott exercised his authority over 
the territories included in the Bay Charter. I have often 
despaired when endeavoring to penetrate that mysterious 
period further than the obscure references to the negotia- 
tions with "the old planters," and political economical 
views about "raising tobacco," I hope the ardor with 



89 

which your Institute has pursued historical investigation 
may be crowned with the discovery of additional facts. 

In the career of John Endicott his governorship was 
not the most important feature. A self-reliant and fiery 
spirit kept him in the heat and turmoil of political contest, 
wherever it arose in the Colony, and the uprightness of 
his character and a certain marked ability of mind pre- 
served for him respect and influence even in those rare 
instances where his judgment was distrusted. He repre- 
sented one of the best moulds of Puritan character. 

Without doubt, as he first took possession of the Bay 
Colony territory for the incorporated grantees, first 
brought their Charter authority there, and first exercised 
their right of local government over it, he was its first 
governor under a Charter which, for half a century con- 
trolled its fortunes. Neither the existence of earlier 
settlements in the territory, nor the history of the old 
planters can be found to militate against this honorable 
distinction of him you celebrate. 

I am your obedient servant, 

Chas. Levi Woodbury. 



Mechleuburg Place, Knoxville, Tenn., 
Sept. 14, 1878. 
Dr. Henry Wheatland and Others of the Com- 
mittee OF Essex Institute, 
Gentlemen: Your polite invitation to become your 
guest at the approaching commemoration of the landing 
of Governor Endicott at Salem has been received. 

Allow me on my own behalf and in the name of the 
Historical Society of Tennessee to make my very cordial 
acknowledgments, for the compliment and good feeling 
implied by the invitation and to assure your committee 



90 

that we reciprocate their courtesy as thus manifested most 
sincerely, and while circumstances beyond my control 
make it impossible for me to attend in person, I seize the 
occasion to join with you in the sincere wish that your 
commemorative observances of the 18th of September, 
1628, and the traditional and historical memories and 
associations inspired by the fame and character of Endi- 
cott and Salem, may be all that patriotism and reverence 
for the past can desire. 

Please assure your colleagues of the committee of the 
regard and high consideration with which I am, 
Your obedient servant, 

J. G. M. Ramsey, 

President Hist. Soc. of Tennessee. 



West Ossipee, N. H., 14th 9th mo., 1878. 
Geo. M. Whipple, Esq., 

Dear Friend: I am sorry that I cannot respond, in 
person, to the invitation of the Essex Institute to its 
commemorative festival on the 18th inst. I especially 
regret it, because, though a member of the Society of 
Friends, and, as such, regarding with abhorrence the 
severe persecution of the sect under the administration 
of Gov. Endicott, I am not unmindful of the otherwise 
noble qualities and worthy record of the great Puritan, 
whose misfortune it was to live in an age which regarded 
religious toleration as a crime. He was the victim of the 
merciless logic of his creed. He honestly thought that 
every convert to Quakerism became by virtue of that 
conversion a child of perdition ; and, as the head of the 
Commonwealth, responsible for the spiritual as well as 
temporal welfare of its inhabitants, he felt it his duty to 



91 

whip, banish, and hang heretics to save his people from 
perilous heresy. 

The extravagance of some of the early Quakers has 
been grossly exaggerated. Their conduct will compare 
in this respect favorably with that of the first Anabaptists 
and Independents ; but, it must be admitted that many of 
them manifested a good deal of that wild enthusiasm 
which has always been the result of persecution and the 
denial of the rights of conscience and worship. Their 
pertinacious defiance of laws enacted against them, and 
their fierce denunciations of priests and magistrates, must 
have been particularly aggravating to a man as proud 
and high tempered as John Endicott. He had that 
free-tongued neighbor of his, Edward Wharton, smartly 
whipped at the cart-tail about once a month, but it may 
be questioned whether the Governor's ears did not suffer 
as much under Wharton's biting sarcasm and "free speech" 
as the latter's back did from the magisterial whip. 

Time has proved that the Quakers had the best of the 
controversy ; and their descendants can well afford to for- 
get and forgive an error which the Puritan Governor 
shared with the generation in which he lived. 

I am very truly thy friend, 

John G. Whittier. 



St. Louis, Sept. 15, 1878. 
G. M. Whipple, Esq., 

Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt 
of an invitation from the Essex Institute to assist, the 
18th instant, at the commemoration of the landing of 
Gov. Endicott at Salem, the 18th of Septem])er, 1G28. 
I regret ver}' much that I shall not be able to join in the 
celebration which will sia'nalize the 250th anniversary of 



92 

that event. I like commemorfition fetes, for they have a 
wholesome effect on the public mind, which is all too apt 
to be engrossed by the present. When Burke s:iid that 
those who do not look backward to their ancestors will 
not look forward to their posterity, he more than implied 
that he who looks backward will also look forward, and 
thus looking before and after will prove himself worthy 
of both the past and the future. 

There is another reason which in my humble opinion 
calls for the commemoration of the early events of our 
history. We live in a time when science is making won- 
derful revelations, and (in the judgment of certain scien- 
tists) shaking the foundations of supernatural religion. 
I do not propose to raise a theological question, much less 
to say a word in favor of New England Puritanism, but 
I do mean to say that belief in the supernatural was the 
most potent element in the history of the colonies, as it 
has been the most potent element and factor in the his- 
tory of the human race. If it could be eliminated from 
the past, we should have inherited very little worth caring 
for in art, literature or political institutions. 

I have the honor to be very faithfully yours, 
Peter L. Foy, 

President Mo. Hist. Society. 



Newport, Rhode Island, September IG, 1878. 
Dr. Henry Wheatland and the Gentlemen of the 
Committee, 
Dear Sirs : I regret that some professional engagements 
have intervened, to prevent me from accepting your polite 
invitation, and from participating in your joyous festival, 
on the anniversary of the settlement of Salem. 



93 

At the former celebration on the 18th of September, 
1828, the orator of the occasion, Judge Story, spoke in 
high commendation of Rhode Ishmd, as preceding the 
other coh)nies in the establishment of Religious Liberty. 
At that time it was the custom of historians to eulogize 
Roger Williams as the sole early Apostle of Religious 
Liberty in Rhode Island. 

Had I been able to have been present at your celebra- 
tion, I should have felt it my duty to put forth as early 
advocates of Religious Liberty, the just and equal claim 
of William Coddington and his company, who, in 1G38, 
founded a settlement on the Island of Rhode Island, where 
the Doctrine of Religious Libert}^ having been practised 
from 1638, was in 1644, incorporated into a distinct Act 
of State Legislation. This w^as the first Act of entire 
Religious Liberty ever incorporated in the Legislation of 
a civilized state. The above Act preceded by three years 
the union of Rhode Island with Providence Plantations in 
1647. William Coddington and his company are, there- 
fore, entitled to the high praise of being the first Legis- 
lators, "since Christianity ascended the throne of the 
Csesars," to enact in their Code of Laws, the declaration 
of entire Religious Liberty. Rhode Island is contented 
with this praise. She aspires not to the additional com- 
mendation of Judge Story for the eloquent preamble to 
the Act in the Digest of 1798, an argument in support of 
Religious Liberty, he says, rarely surpassed in power of 
thought, and felicity of expression. That argument, 
rightfully, belongs to Virginia, and to American States- 
men of a later day. 

I beof leave to olfer the following sentiment : — 

"All Honour to the Early Worthies of your City ; the 
illustrious Endicott and the glorious Founders of Salem." 

Believe me, dear sirs, yours sincerely, 

David King, M. D. 



94 



Detroit, Mich., Sept. 5th, 1878. 
Dr. Henry Wheatland, Chairman, 

Dear Sir: Pleiise accept my thanks for your invitation 
to be present on the 18th inst. to participate in the Essex 
Institute's proposed celebration of the two hundred and 
fiftieth anniversary of the landing of Gov. Endicott. It 
would afford me much pleasure to be with you on that 
interesting occasion. Undoubtedly there will be many 
there who, like myself, left their native city many years 
ago to seek a home in the West, so that in connection 
with the celebration there will be a reunion of friends 
who may not have met for many years, each to tell the 
story of his or her life, some to tell of their riches and 
some of their poverty, some of their joys and some of 
their sorrows. I would like to be there to join with you 
in realizing the pleasiu'es of the day and hearing the old, 
old stories of Salem and its inhabitants, but other engage- 
ments will prevent. Hoping that many of the sons and 
daughters of Salem who have Avandered to other parts of 
the earth will be there to help make the grand gathering, 
one of joy to many a household, and one to be placed on 
record in the archives of the Essex Institute and treasured 
up in the memory of all who may have the pleasure of 
witnessing it, I remain, 

Yours truly, 

J. C. Holmes. 



POEM 

BY / 

REV. CHARLES T. BROOKS. 



^^Antiquam exquirite matrem."^ -^neid, iii, 96. 



"Look up the Old Mother !" — long ago 'twas sung 

By Roman Virgil, in his tuneful tongue ; 

^^ Exquirite antiquam mairemf" — thus 

The blessed "Ordo " ^ read the words to us ; — 

The selfsame cry is in the air to-day ; 

We hear the summons, and our hearts obey. 

"Come back to the old Mother!" we, too, sing. 

Tied to the ancient matron's apron-string ; 

The elastic cord, which, wander where we will. 

Draws the last lingering truant homeward still, 

Sooner or later, to the ^lother's breast, 

In her emljrace, a grateful child, to rest. 

To-day — where'er the w^orld's wide ways they roam — 
Old Mother Salem calls her children home. 
On all the winds of heaven her voice goes forth — 
From East and "West they come — from South and North. 
The messaire rings "from China to Peru" — 



iThe Motto is part of the oracle of Phoebus to the "cluriDardanidae" (the hardy 
Trojans), directing them, when they thould reach the Laliau shore, to search out 
the old original homestead of their ancestors. 

' The Ordo refers to the old Delphin Edition, in which the words of tlie author 
were arranged in the English order for the help of beginners. It was this railway 
by which some of us were launched ''E conspectu Siculae telhiris in altuni" at a 
voluntary evening school kept by our worth3^ Mayor, in a room of the Ives' Block 
in 1827. 

7 (97) 



98 

Pacific isles have caught the tidings, too ; 

And all — at least on Memory's well-worn track — 

With loyal, loving reverence hasten buck. 

Each seeks some ftivorite haunt, where once the face 

Of heaven and earth wore its most winnins: orrace. 

One finds his way to sweet South Fields again, 

And steers for Derby's Farm — alas ! in vain ; 

Then climbs the lane, half fearing, hoping still 

They may have left a piece of Castle Hill.^ 

There rubs his eyes and seaward looks with dread — 

Heaven grant they may have spared old Naugus' Head ! 

Another to the Common takes his way. 

Play-ground and training-field of childhood's day; 

To see if, still, the quivering poplar-trees* 

Flash in the sun and murmur in the breeze. 

As when the glittering ranks, on muster-day, 

Down the green vista stretched their long array ; 

And if, in that neglected, weed grown spot 

The ancient Gun-house keeps its place or not. 

When an old son of Salem, after years 
Of exile, in his native streets appears, 
Behold, in his perplexed and eager glance. 
What crowds of questions yearn for utterance ! 
Pray, can you tell me, friend, if hereabout 
There lives a person by the name of Strout?^ 



' A large slice of Uiis bold and beautiful eminence has been cut away this long 
time. 

<The mall was lined with Lombardy poplars in mj- boyhood. They were cut 
down to inal<e way for Elms in lcS2.'5. 

' Josliiia Strout, a prrocer, kept in the northwest corner of the Franklin Build- 
ing. If I rightly remember, he was stout as well as Strout. 



99 

What has become of that queer, walking man, 

Named Jaquish,^ who could saw a load of tan? 

Whose daughter Judith — apple of his eye ! — 

(A heroine whom Fame should not let die) 

Of the church militant a soklier true ; 

Binder of shoes ; artist in fresco, too ; 

Fresh from her conflicts with the hosts of sin, 

Would sit, well-pleased, and scrape the violin : 

The mother bending o'er the buzzing wheel. 

To drown the rapturous joy she needs must feel, 

Or stooping o'er the hearth to brush aside 

The honest tear-drop of maternal pride. 

And this rare group has gone? Ah, well-a-day ! 

Thus on Time's wave the jewels melt away ! 

Does the old green Gibraltar-cart^ still stop. 

Up in Old Paved Street, at Aunt Hannah's^ shop ! 

Beside Cold Spring drop the sweet acorns still ? 

Do boys dig flagroot now beneath Legge's Hill ? 

When 'Lection-day brings round its rapturous joys 



* Jagw/s/t was the popular pronuncmtion ; hut Jacques w^s, I believe, the real 
name. The familj' room— dining, cooking and work-room, all in one— presented a 
group which Teniers might liave envied. The sliarp-faced Judith, her shoe-binding 
jaid aside, one leg with the deep blue stocking crossed over the other, while, with an 
innocent sell-satisfaction, she swept the violin for tlie entertainment of her visitors; 
the father sitting, witli an eye winking and watei'v, partlj' from paternal partiality 
and partly from an infirmity well understood by his townsmen, — the mother busy 
at the spinning wheel and only occasionally looking up with a sly look of triumph 
— all tliis made a picture well worth a more elaborate execution than the text has 
given it. (The fresco painting refers to the Palms and Camels that figured on the 
Malls of the room.) 

'Refers to old Ma'am Spencer and her son Thomas, the Quaker Astronomer, 
Natural Historian and Scientist generally, who made that Javorite hard candy 
called gibraltars, over in North Salem. See Hist. Coll. Essex Institute, vol. xiv, 
page 271. for a notice of Mr. Spencer. 

6 Aunt Hannah is Hannah Harris, who kept a Circulating Library and variety 
shop. 



100 

Does Doctor Lang^ sell liquorice to the boys? 
Is there a house still standiug where they make 
The regular, okl-fashloncd 'Lection-cake? 
Does "A True Grocer "^^ his own merits praise? 
Does Mister Joseph" halce cold loaves some days? 
Does Micklefield's^^ Indian, as he used to do, 
Hold the narcotic weed to public view? 
Echo the streets no more with Mullet's ^^ bell? 
Has Bcdney" no more Almanacs to sell? 
Those Kings ^^ of East and "West, in days of yore- 
Monarch and Mumford — do they walk no more? 
Does 'Squire Savage still look sternly down 
On ill-bred urchins with his awful frown? 
Deputy Dutch and dog — do they still chase 
The recreant debtor to his hiding place? 
Does Louvriere still skip, with book in hand, 
By a short cut through Doctor Oliver's land? 
Blind Dolliver^*' — an eye in every finger — 
Still at the ormin does he love to linger? 



» Dr. Lanj, apotliecary, kept at the corner of Liberty and Essex Streets. The 
Vine Street boys used to invest one cent out of their four-pence ha'penny Election 
money in ball-liquorice at his shop. 

>o There were two Trues, Abraham the grocer and Joseph True, carver. The 
former kept in Washinjjton Street, tlie latter in JMill Street. 

11 John Joseph, a Portuguese, had a IJakery in Brown Street. A woman asking 
for a cold loaf cue day, he replied, "we did not bake any cold loaves to-day, 
ma'am." 

>2 Mii'kleHcld, Tobacconist, kci>t on Front Street, near the corner of Central. 

13 Mullet was the blind Town Crier. 

»< Robert Bedney was sexton ol' the "Tabernacle." 

IS" East and West" mean East End and West End. Jo Monarch was a stately 
Portuguese who lived in a small liouse far down E^sex Street, below the East 
Church, and Muml'ord was Kinrj oi tlie Colony in the "IIuls" ou the Turnpike 
aear BuQ'um's corner. 

>8 UoUiver was organist at the First Church. 



101 

Or at the party, coming late, perchance, 

Tune the piano Avhilc he calls the dance? 

Docs Doctor Prince continue still to preach ? 

Does Philip" blow? Does Master Hacker teach? 

Do children sometimes see with terror, still, 

The midnight blaze of wood- wax on Witch Hill? 

Or hail, far twinkling through the shades of night, 

The cheering beam of Baker's Island light? 

Our pilgrim stands in Central street, and there 

Wonders if still, in summer hours, the air 

Murmurs abroad, as evening shades come in, 

The tones of Ostinelli's violin ; 

Or shakes with footsteps, in the dancing-hall, 

That beat responsive to Papanti's call. 

When "training-day" is drawing to a close, 

And tired "Militia" long for sweet repose ; 

Only the showy "uniforms" would fain 

"Improve the shining hours" that yet remain, 

A few unique manoeuvres to display, 

A grand finale to the festive day, — 

Do "lobster-backs" and gray-coats sometimes meet,^' 

And come to a dead-lock, in Central street? 

(Alas ! that this proud gala-day, so bright, 

Should close its eye upon a Inte "sham-fight !") 

But still fresh questions crowd upon his mind, 
And still sad answers he is doomed to find. 



1^ Philip Frye blew the organ (played it, as he flattered himself), at the North 
Church. 

"Refers to the rush and rivalrj' of tlie red coat Cadets and the Ii.fantry for the 
possession of that convenient street to display their respective tactical skill. 



102 

Where is the old North Church that heard the tread 

Of Sabbath-breaking troops from Marblehead? 

Where is the venerable "East" that shook 

To Bentley's note of thanks or bold rebuke ? 

Where is the Old Sun Tavern?^" Where the sign 

That shoAved the "Coffee House" in days lang syne ? 

The Juniper — sweet name ! what charm it wore 

To childhood's fancy in the days of yore ! 

The Willows — well may it be called to-day — 

There Memory weeps — the charm has passed away ! 

W^here is the Gate,"*' beneath whose graceful arch 

We saw so many a gay battalion march, 

Welcomed by Washington's majestic face ? 

Where is Plank Alley ?^^ Where is Holyoke Place? 

Neptune and Vine and Court streets^^ — Avhere are they? 

With their old dwellers they have moved away — 

Gone up to that calm city in the air; 

The feet of Memory still frequent them there. 

"In Salem is his Tabernacle" — so 

Our pious fathers cried with souls aglow ; 

And here ilieir Tabernacle builded they ; 

Men live who once beheld it ; but to-day 

A wooden fin2:er^^ stretches hisjh in air 

And cries : Behold your tabernacle there! 



»» It Kas opposite Liberty Street or (more exactly) Dr. Oliver's house. 
'"The old Common gates. 
SI" Plank Alley " is Elm Street. 

''"'Neptune connected Vine with Derby — "Vine" is now part of Charter, and 
" Court" continues Washington. 

"^llcferring to the entire transformation of the old Tabernacle with its belfi'y. 



I 



103 

Yet while the pilgrim, roaming up and down 

The streets and alleys of his native town, 

So many a well-known object seeks in vain, 

The sky, the sea, the rock-ribbed hills remain. 

In the low murmur of the quivering breeze 

That stirs the leaves of old ancestral trees, 

The same maternal voice he still can hear 

That breathed of old in childhood's dreaming ear; 

The same maternal smile is in the sky 

Whose tender greeting blessed his infant eye. 

Though much has changed and much has vanished quite, 

The old town-pastures have not passed from sight. 

"Delectable Mountains" of his childhood — there 

They stretch away into the summer air. 

Still the bare rocks in golden lustre shine, 

Still bloom the barberry and the columbine. 

As when, of old, on many a "Lecture day,"'-'* 

Through bush and swamp he took his winding way, 

Toiled the long afternoon, then homeward steered, 

With weary feet and visage berry-smeared. 

Thus to some favorite haunt will each to-day, 
At least in fond remembrance, find his way. 
My thoughts, by some mysterious instinct, take 
Their flight to that charmed spot we called the Neck ; 
Aye, round the Mother's Nech I fondly cling ; 
Around her neck, like beads, my rhymes I string. 



*■• On Wednesday and Saturday there was no school in the afternoon, these 
having originally been the times of the Week-day Lectures. 



104 

She will not scorn my offering, though it be 
Like beads of flying foam, flung by the sea 
Across the rocks, to gleam a moment there, 
Then break and vanish in the summer air. 

Then hail once moi-e, the Neck — the dear old Neck ! 

What throngs of bright and peaceful memories wake 

At that compendious name ! What rapturous joy 

Kindles the heart of an old Salem boy, 

As he returns, though but in thought, to take 

That old familiar walk "down to the Neck !" 

The old Neck Gate swings open to his view, 

At morn and eve, to let the cows pass through. 

Foyc's ropewalk stands there still — he enters in : 

Adown that dusky lane shall Memory spin 

Full many a yarn, the while with silent tread 

A ghostly workman draws his lengthening thread. 

Through window-holes that light that black earth-floor 

How many a sprite peeps in from days of yore ! 

What wild halloos renew their mocking chase 

Far down the dark, reverberating space ! 

No ma2;ic wand the Enchantress needs to wave — 

Awe-struck we stand before old Gifford's Cave f^ 

While, towering o'er us — a strange contrast — lo ! 

Fresh as they looked when, sixty years ago. 

They caught our glance from far, on sea and land, 

The red brick Avails of the poors' palace stand. 



** A house in tlic bank back of the "Workhouse," consisting of several succssive 
rooms scooped out by Gifford, the hermit. 



105 

With boyish feet I climb yon naked hill, 

And Bentley's Eock — a luiin, greets me still. 

Rises once more the Gen ins of the place — 

The same elastic step and eager face. 

The old man lifts the spy-glass to his eye : 

"There go the ships !" again I hear him cry ; 

As, on his other watch-tower, once he stood, 

And fired his farewell shot in playfnl mood. 

And to the parting fleet his God-speed said — 

The self-invited guests of Marblehead.^^ 

In my mind's eye, on that memorial ground 

A relict of the war of '12 limps round, 

As I beheld him oft in childhood's day, 

Of the Neck Gate an old habitue. 

Whereby there hangs a tale : One cloudy night, 

The sentinel upon the Neck caught sight 

Of a strange figure creeping round the hill ; 

He cried out : "Who goes there?" — but all was still. 

He challenged thrice — then fired — a canine yell 

Revealed his sad mistake too late and well. 

With bleeding foot the victim limped away, 

A cripple and a hero from that day. 

''^One Suiulny in the war of 1812 news came to Salem in cluu'ch time that a 
British fleet had chased the Constitution into Marbleliead harbor. Dr. Bentley 
dismissed his congregation and hastened over on horseback. In the afternoon he 
laid aside his prepared sermon and extemporized one from Psalm civ, 20 : '• There 
go the sliips." 

Anotlier, more particular version runs as follows : Daring the moniing service, 
Eome one came into meeting and whispered to a member of the Congregation. Dr. 
Bentley observing it, called out, "what is he telling you?" The man rei)eated, 
"The British Fleet are chasing the Constitution into Marblehead. The Doctor at 
once dismissed tlie congregation, saying, " Let us hasten to help our brethren; we 
must fight to day, we can pray any day. 

Still a third version makes tlie Doctor to have said in dismissing the congrega- 
tion: " Serving man is the most acceptable way of serving God." 



106 

But other, fairer, memories consecrate 

The immortal purlieus of the old Neck Gate. 

Oft, oil a summer Sunday's peaceful close, 

(The sweet relief no child at this day knows ! ) 

In the long, lingering glow of evening's ray, 

(Holy day melting into holiday') 

All down through Wapping (Derby street, I mean), 

Where trig and jaunty tars might then be seen, 

Leaning on old spiked cannon, taken at sea, 

Trophies of many a naval victory, 

And made to serve henceforth a doublfe intent, 

Street-corner-post and sailor's monument; — 

Thus, in the Sabbath evening's quiet ray, 

Down this old storied street we took our way 

To where, beside the fresh, cool, spray-wet shore, 

Old Colonel Hathorne's hospitable door 

Invited us to rest ; serenely there 

The patriarch greeted us with musing air ; 

But no long reverence childhood waits to pay — 

Soon to the garden-gate we found our way. 

How red — how sweet — the rose, the currant there ! 

What heavenly fragrance filled the evening air ! 

What but a bit of Eden could it be — 

That little garden close upon the sea ? 

Within, red rose and redder currant glow — 

Without, the white-lipped ocean whispers low. 

Sweet memories ! yet not chiefly for their sake 
My thoughts to-day have wandered to the Neck. 
Bcntley and Hathorne — names that shed renown 



I 



107 

Upon the history of our ancient town — 

Are but as criers to-dtiy, that point us back 

With glowing foces, up the shining track 

To where, assembled now on Memorj^'s hill, 

A group of forms more venerable still, 

With upturned faces, wear immortal light. 

Caught and reflected from the heavenly height. 

On that memorial mount, in air serene, 

Walking in glory, with majestic mien, 

A shining cloud of witnesses appear 

And send us greetings from their lofty sphere. 

Reverent and brave, inflexible, sedate, 

Founders and fathers of the Church and State, 

Captains and counsellors, a saintly baud, 

They beckon onward to the Promised Land. 

Conant, the wise and generous pioneer ; 

Endicott, high-souled, daring, and austere ; 

Higginson, Williams, Peters, — well might we 

Cry, as in vision we behold the three : 

Fair souls ! to Goodness, Faith and Freedom dear, 

Shall we not build three tabernacles here ? 

On the Lord's mountain, at the fount of Truth 

They dwell with Him, in life's unwithering youth : 

That sweet and saintly one, who crossed the wave 

To find, in one short year, an exile's grave ; 

He — twice a pilgrim, who in winter snows 

And savage huts alone could find repose, 

(Nay — where, on earth, could such as he e'er find 

Rejpose for his aspiring, restless mind?) 

To whom the dark-skinned ravens of the wood 



108 

In his distress brought sinking nature food ; 
Who, by the hand of Providence led hence, 
Still at his journey's end found Providence ; 
And that brave preacher and strong worker — he 
Who left his darling such sweet "Legacy ;" 
Who, living, brought her lessons from the sky. 
That taught the way to live for joys on high, 
And with his dying smile and dying breath 
The precious lesson : How to conquer death. 

'*I wish you neither poverty 

Nor riches ; 
But godliness, so gainful 

With content. 
No painted pomp, nor glory that 

Bewitches ; 
A blameless life is the best 

]\Ionument ; 
And such a soul that soars a- 

bove the sky, 
Well pleased to live, but better 

Pleased to die."^^ 

O could those saints — those seers and singers twain'^® 
Breathe their free spirit through my stammering strain, 
Then should these lips indite a titling lay, 
Congenial to this high memorial day. 



'■'This beautiful extract I take from Eev. Mr. Upham's eloquent 2nd Century 
Lecture. 

'^l call Williams as well as Peters a pinircr, having In mind his touching 
hymns in the wilderness, also given in Uiiham's discourse. 



109 

Then might I utter in a worthier rhyme 

Those lofty lessons for the coming time, 

Of faith and freedom, of content and trust, 

The fathers breathe from heaven and from the dust. 

That graver task I cheerfully resign 

To other voices — abler hands than mine. 

But me the question now confronts (too long 

Evaded by my loitering, gadding song). 

Why at this hour, when we our way retrace 

Back to the earliest footprints of the race 

Who on these pleasant shores first pitched their tent, 

The cradle of the infant settlement — 

The old North River side my thoughts forsake 

And take that lonely ramble to the Neck. 

— Forgive a would-be-patriarch (shall I say?) 

Born all too late, whose memory stops to-day 

Well nigh two hundred years this side the mark. 

Runs back three score — then fumbles in the dark. 

I was a boy when quaint old Bentley died ; 

I roamed the Neck, his spirit at my side. 

Within its gate a realm of shadows lay — 

A land of mystery stretching far away. 

There with a ghostly Past I talked — with awe 

The ancient Mother's august form I saw. 

"Seek out the ancient Mother !" — How and where? 
Some pore o'er musty scrolls and seek her there ; 
But on the open land, beneath the skies 
That made it fair to her first children's eyes, — 



110 

In that fresh air — upon that sacred ground — 

Methinks the Mother's presence best is found. 

And so I seem to see her shadow wait 

To greet me, passing through the old Neck Gate. 

For does not Winter Island meet my eye 

And tell a silent tale of days gone by ? 

I climb yon hill and see forevermore 

A spectral sail approach the wooded shore. 

On AVinter Island wharf I see them land, 

A ghostly train come forth upon the strand. 

A village springs to life — a bus}^ port; 

It has its Ijustling wharves — its bristling fort. 

Lo ! Fish Street — destined one day to run down 

To Water Street — now runs to Water-town. 

Can Fancy quite recall to-day the charms 

Of those enchanting "Marble Harbor Farms?" 

Are the "sweet single roses"-^ still in bloom? 

Still do the "strawberries" the air perfume? 

And from the flowers and shrubs that clothe the ground 

Does a "sweet smell of gardens" breathe around? 

And, — sons of Salem ! — be it ne'er forgot 

That it was there — in that wild, lovely spot — 

While yet the plough had scarcely broke the land — 

They set their hearts to have the College stand. ^" 

Well can we guess what charms the landscape wore 

When first our fiithers trod this silent shore. 



^^ Sweet Briar. 

soBeiUlcy (Descviptiou of Salem — Mass. Hist. Col., 1st Series, vi.2.')2), says: 
As early as 1030 they made a reserve of lauds upon the Marble llarbur Farms for 
a college. 



Ill 

The child asks ; "Why should those green islands be 
Baptized as Great and Little Misery ?"^^ 
Might we not almost deem these names were given 
Lest those poor saints should dream this earth was 

Heaven ?^^ 
Great miseries and little miseries — well 
Could they, of both, by sore experience tell. 
But, sweetly locked in sheltering arms, to-da}', 
Their shallop safe in Summer-Harbor lay. 
Such was the name they gave the spot, when first 
Upon their yearning eyes its beauty burst ; 
Till by a tln-ee fold — nay, a four fold claim, 
Salem showed right divine to be its name. 
For Salem they were taught of old to pray ; 
To Peace — to Salem — God has led their way ; 
A spark of strife at Conant's breath had died — ^^ 
In Salem now — in Peace — we dwell — they cried. 

And lo ! another wonder — if we here 
To Cotton INIather's word may lend an ear — 
"Behold !" they cried, "the meaning of our name 
In Indian speech and Hebrew is the same. 



'1 Shelley sings: 

"Many a frrenn isle needs must be 
In this wide sea of misery." 

32 But the prose account (Bentley's) is : '' It was early called Moulton's Misery 
from a shipwreck." 

« See Hubbard, quoted by Young (Chronicles of Mass., p. 31 and note) ; Rev 
John White, speaking of the change of name from Nahuni-keik to Salem, says it 
■was done "upon a fair grouml, in remembrance of a peace settled upon a confer- 
ence at a general meeting between them and their neighbors [the Dorchester 
planters and Endicott's company], after expectance of some dangerous jar" — 
'• being by the prudent moderation of Mi-. Couant quietly composed." 



112 

This is the place of rest we came to seek : 
This is our comfort-haven : Nahum-Keek !"^* 

Here Mother Salem her first fortune made — 
The future Queen of the East India trade. 
Here her commercial greatness she began 
With that small fleet of fishers from Cape Ann. 
Wharf after wharf crept westward, year by year; 
The hum of traffic grew more loud and clear. 
Meanwhile, as through the field of History's glass 
The various groups of scattered settlers pass, 
Yonder we see, from the North River shore 
The farmers of the region paddling o'er 
To where the magnates of the Church and State 
Reside — the Minister and Magistrate. 
There stands the house in its capacious lot, 
Where dwells the worthy Master Endicott, 
Which Roger Conant, that good-natured man, 
Sent to his honored neighbor from Cape Ann.^^ 

North Fields and South Fields little dreamed that day 
Of horse-cars running on an iron Avay. 
Each household had its family canoe. 



'^Magnalia, i. G&: " Of which place I have somewhere met with an okl obser- 
vation, that the name of it was rather Hebrew than Indian; for Xcihum signifies 
comfvrt nin\ Keel; signifies haven; and our Engli.'^li not only found it an haven of 
comfort, but happened also to put an Hebrew name upon it; for tliey called it 
Salem, for the peace whicli they had and lioped in it; and so it is called unto this 
day." 

s^An old witness says Endicott sent and had it pulled down by virtue of the 
I'ight given liini by the company in England; 1 have simply sliadowed forth in my 
version the wellkuowu good grace with which Couaut accepted his being super- 
seded by Endicott. 



113 

And of these "water-horses" some had two. 
These troopers also had their grand displays, 
Their General Trainings, and their Mnster Days. 
Hadst thou the skill to reproduce, my Muse, 
That memorable Inspection of Canoes, 
By some prophetic instinct (shall we say?) 
Named to take place on that midsummer day 
Which in unother century was to be 
The Glorious Fourth of Freedom's Historj- — 
Couldst thou but picture to the outward eye 
The Hash of paddles in the noonday sky — 
How would that grand Regatta's rainbow blaze 
Dim all the tinsel pomp of modern days \^^ 
Turn now from inland ferry and canoe, 
Where heavier, deep-sea craft invite the view. 
Years passed — our sorel}^ tried, yet hardy town 
Won with her merchant ships a rare renown. ^^ 
TJie second war gave her success a check ; 
I was a boy when the Brig Ann, a wreck. 
Crawled up to Derby's Wharf and landed there 
Her Oriental cargo, rich and rare. 



s^Upham's "Salem Village, &c.," i. G3. The oriler of the Gencval Court Is 
dated June 21, 18.3(1, and the time lixed was "the next second da}', being the fourth 
day of the liflh month." 

3' The following metiical ver.=ion is offered of a well-kno-vvn story drolly illus- 
trative of Salem's former imposing greatness in oriental eyes. 

Some native merchant of tlie East, they say, 

(Whether Canton, Calcutta or Bombay), 

Had in his oounting-rooni a map, whereon 

Across the field in capitals was drawn 

The name of Salem, meant to represent 

That Salem was tlie We.stcrn Continent, 

While iu an upjier corner was put down 

A dot, named Boston, Salem's leading town. 



114 

What sweets and fragrances, in frails and crates, 
Gum-copal, allspice, nutmegs, cloves and dates ! 
Then filled the eyes of every Salem boy 
With mingling tears of sadness and of joy. 
We laughed to see how the old-yellow stores 
Took in the ba^s of sweetmeats through their doors : 
We wept to see through what a hard fought fight 
The brave old hulk had brought us such delight. 
Sadly she seemed to figure, as she ]ay, 
The sunset of om* old commercial day. 

Thenceforth, O Salem ! on another sea, 

A calmer deep, thy commerce was to be ; 

In History's realm thy flag was now to shine 

And make the noble wealth of Knowledge thine. 

Peace be within thee, dear old Mother Town ! 

And as, at morn and eve, the dews come down 

On thy fair gardens, grace from heaven descend 

And rest upon thy homes till time shall end ! 

From Buflum's Corner to the old Neck Gate, 

Peace and prosperity upon thee wait ! 

And from Orne's Point to Pickering's Point may peace 

Reign in thy borders, and thy wealth increase — 

The wealth they win who choose the better part : 

The never-failing wealth of mind and heart : 

Treasures not tied to earthly' fortune's wheel ; 

Which not e'en Time — the busiest thief — can steal : 

Generous aspirings — Truth that maketh free — 

And "thoughts that wander through eternity;" 



115 

Jewels of Knowledge — Wisdom's ample store — 
Treasures laid up in Heaven forevermore. 

'Tis pleasant, in this headlong age, to find 

A quiet corner for the musing mind ; 

And he who seeks it, sure may find it here, 

In this old memory-haunted atmosphere. 

"Dreamy old town" — they call thee? Well, dream on ! 

Thought's dreams shall last, when Passion's dreams are 

gone. 
Be thine the dreams that yearn for realms divine ; 
Pilgrims that seek Perfection's distant shrine ; 
Such dreams — so pure, so tranquil and so true — 
As Avarice and Ambition never knew ; 
Not such as make the worldling's daily life 
A scene of fitful, feverish, futile strife, 
But those calm, holy dreams that melt away 
Like morning twilight into perfect day. 



ODE 

BY 

WILLIAM W. STORY, 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by 

WILLIAM W. STORY, 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



ODE. 



I SEND my voice from fur beyond the sea ; 
Only a voice — and therefore fit to be 
Among the dim and ghostly company 

That, from historic realms of shadowy gloom, 
And from the silent world beyond the tomb, 
This day shall come, their living sons to greet 
With voiceless presence, and with noiseless feet, 
To join the long procession in the street, 
And listen to the praise 
Of the old deeds and days 
That in our memories evermore are sweet. 

II 

There the brave Endicott, 
With jingling sword, high ruff, and magisterial coat, 
August, shall lead the shadowy train — 
And marching near on either side 
Winthrop, his friend so true and tried, 
With stately step and dignified 
And Conant proudly plain. 

(119) 



120 

There Darle}^ Cradock, Vassall, Johnson. There 
The stcrn-hucd face of Goffe, the rogicidc, 
And Skelton's serious ah-. 

There Iligginson, serene and sad, 
With eyes uplifted 'neath a brow of care, 

In Puritanic vestments clad, 
Breathing a silent prayer. 
There Roger Williams pensive shall be seen. 
Quiet of presence, gentle in his mien, 
As erst he was, ere he was forced to flee 
Before the cry of rabid bigotry. 
There Saltonstall and Pynchon, Lynde and Fitch, 
Stern Stoughton, humbled Sewell, shall be found; 
And over-zealous Parris, looking round. 
Eager to catch a glimpse of some foul witch 
Among the childish group who, at his side, 
Gaze all about them shy and eager-eyed. 
There, rustling in her stiff brocade, 

High-heeled, erect and slim. 
Lady Arbella with her figure staid 

And manners prim ; 
And following her, full many a maid, whose ej'es. 
Up-glancing from her downcnst face, 
Despite her Quaker dress and bashful grace, 
Give warrant for the charge of witcheries : 
A brave procession, free of worldly guile, 

Stern in its aspect and with features grim, 
Scarce knowing how to smile, — 
All moving silently, and keeping pace 
Unto a voiceless hymn. 



121 



III 



And there, behold, with lofty feathered crest, 
A dark bronzed face looks out among the rest, 

As the procession slowly moves along — 

That is old Massasoit, erect and strong. 
With a brass coin upon his broad bare chest ; 
Open his look as when 

He met the Pilgrims on the shore with "Welcome 
Englishmen !" 

And there on either hand, 

With frowning faces, stand 
Brave Alexander, Philip, and their friend 

Canonchet, brooding o'er the fate 

That kingdom, home, and hearth made desolate. 
And drove them to their sad and bitter end. 



IV 

And, since for all that pass the time is short 

For full report. 

Leap Ave two centuries, to note the name 
Of some, who, on our Pilgrim roll of Fame, 
Have later but not lesser claim. 

Those who but fifty years ago 

Walked in the flesh with us, when we 
Closed up our city's second century 

That now no more we know. 



122 

V 

Dearest to me, and first of all the throng 
That slowly moves along, 

Is one beloved form, with face benign, 
"Whose birthday fell on the same day as thine, 
Oh pleasant town of mine ! 
'Tis the great Jiu-ist : all his features bright 
With an illuminating inner light, 
Whose voice that day the story old 
Of pilgrim faith and strength so nobly told, — 
The good, wise man, who had the power to draw 

All hearts, as by a charm ; 
Whose high clear spirit, dry with wisdom's light, 
With love's rich tints, was warm. 

There, not unknown to fame, 
Goes Dane, whose liberal bounty laid 
In Harvard's academic shade, — 

The school which bears his name ; 
And, by his great abridgment to the law, 

His full debt doubly paid. 
There Bowditch, who with keen and patient eye 
Traced the far planet's pathway in the sky, 

And man's across the sea ; 
Whom every sailor, tossing on the main 

In danger or distress. 
Hoping to see his dear ones once again. 

Names but to bless. 
There Holyoke, still erect and firm, we see 



123 

Under the full weight of a century. 
There Pickenng ; Pickman. There the chistering hair 
And flashing eyes of Choate, whose rare 

Full-worded eloquence had power to thrill, 

And move, and mould his hearers at his will. 
There too are Phillips, Silsbee, Saltonstall ; 

Putnam and Crowninshield, and King, and White, — 

Good men and true, to battle for the right 
At bar, bench, and the nation's council hall. 

There Hawthorne, in whose subtle glance 

Are silent worlds of mystery and romance ; 
A boy as yet, shy, modest in his mien, 
Pondering the passing scene. 

There the two Prescotts, — not he of the sword, 
Who the great battle fought for Liberty, 
For he Avas of the older race, — but he 

Who wore the ermine of the bench, whose word 
Was justice, — and the younger one whose pen 

Painted the pomp of Spanish chivalry. 
Battles and conquests, and brave deeds of men 

Sailing across the almost untried sea. 
There Flint and Prince and Brazer we may note, 
And Upham, who our saddest annals wrote. 
Amid the clergy moving on ; and there 

Our merchant princes all, whose argosies 

Ploughed with their keel the torrid Indian seas 
Rich spoils to us to bear. 

Gray, Derby, Rogers and the Peabodies : 
And following them, perchance more known to fame. 
Yet only worthy of his name, 



124 

He who with brond and open hand 
Scattered its wide lars-ess 

O 

Over his native and adopted land, 

The ignorant to teach — the poor to bless. 

VI 

These are onr dead ! a glorions company 

That have before us gone, — some many a year, 

Some as it Avere but yesterday, — and we, 
Their living sons, to-day bring up the rear. 

VII 

Here on this day, then, Avhcn we meet, 
These shades august to greet. 

And sun us in their shining memory. 
Let us our vows record, 
Never by act or word 
To shift our shoulders from the weight 
They laid on us, of Liberty. 
Now, while their spirits gather near. 
Let us from them take heart, and cheer 
And pledge our utmost will and skill 
High up to hold, with spirits bold. 
The task they planned we should fulfil. 
No cravens recreant to our trust. 

No cowards shrinking from the fight, 
But ready, through life's toil and dust, 

To combat for the Eight ! 
Ready, with heart and hand, to strive 



125 

To keep the ancient faith alive, 
And bear us, so that our New England name, 
Through us, shall never suffer shame. 

VIII 

Weak are we, and in numbers few, 

Heroic deeds to dare and do ? 

Well, so were they, the tried, the few 

Who braved the sea, the storm, the bleak 
Wind-hunted coast. 

On these inhospitable lands to seek 
The freedom that we boast. 

Who bade farewell to homes and friends. 
To arts, to luxury, to ease, 
Ready to brave the blind, wild, weltering seas; 

The icy shafts that cruel winter sends ; 
Horrors of savasre war, black ni2;hts 
Startled by w'ar Avhoops, hideous sights. 

Perpetual fears that prowled like phantoms dim 

Round every hope : perils unknown and grim ; 
The face of famine, that with hollow eye 
Glared into every household's privacy : 

All this — and more than this — intent 

To plant upon this stern, far continent. 
The seed, the precious seed, of Liberty. 

IX 

With stern sincerity they wrought. 
With pious trust and earnest thought. 



126 

With dauntless courage and determined will ; 
And if that sternness had its evil side, 
And through excess of zeal grew narrow-eyed, 

And bigoted, and hard. 
Their errors were to virtues close allied, 

That no low passions marred. 
For this we praise them — nobly straight they stood 

Their duty to fulfill. 
Firm to their faith, whatever might betide 

Of good or ill — 
For this we glory, that within our veins 

Runs their strong blood — 
For this forgive the cruelty that stains 
Their very faith to God. 

X 

Grim was their creed : for them the flower 

Had scarce a right to bloom ; 
Beauty and joy they deemed the devil's dower 

To tempt man to his doom. 
And life a sad procession of gray hours 

That led but to the tomb. 

XI 

Even as I speak, behold, with plaintive eyes 

What sorrowing phantoms rise ! 
That superstition, hid behind the cloak 

Of pious duty, and, in God's own name, 
Struck with its deadly stroke. 
See, there ! that peaceful Quaker band 



127 

That, from their hearth and home, and land, 
Sharp persecution drove. 

To Avhom our fathers stretched no Christian hand 
Of favor, grace, or love. 

And that even sadder, darker group behold ! 

Fair maidens, children in the first fresh bloom 

Of their young life, old men and matrons old, 

Tottering upon the threshold of the tomb. 
What was their crime? their cruel doom? 

Ah, well may we uplift our eyes 

In sorrow and surprise ! 

These arc the devil's wretched brood, 

That expiated with their blood 
The crime of witchcraft, and foul sorceries. 

XII 

Sad is the sight : let us avert our gaze. 

And yet most sad for this, that through the maze 

Of all this tangled skein of cruelties. 
Blindly astray, threading the bigot way 

The clue of virtue lies. 
Narrow of mind they were, and short of sight, 

And still to duty true. 
In wrong ways ever striving for the right 

They meant God's work to do. 

XIII 

Two long half centuries since then have passed, 
And now, what wondrous change ! 



128 

Cities are broadcast sown throii2:h the wide ran2:c 

Of what was savage desert, drear and vast, 

Where, through the wilderness, hissed now and then 
The Indian arrow, or the passing breeze 
Shook the primeval forest's serried trees, 

Rings now the whir and busy hum of men : 
The rattling train, — Avith streaming snake of steam 

And fiery eyes agleam, — 
Shakes all its silences with rush and roar, 
And shoots its shuttles, weaving shore to shore ; 
Gone is the dark face, and the cautious tread 
That stole upon its game or on its foe : 
A horde of pale-faced men, since born and bred. 
Swarms everywhere from ISIaine to Mexico, 
Builds, W'Caves, dams up the torrents in their flow 
To turn the whirring mills to grind them bread ; 
Sows leagues of seed, beats out the golden grain, 
Tunnels the hills, speeds it across the main. 
And, prisoning in the hold a fieiy slave. 
Bids him his huge arms heave, — and o'er the wave 

The ship, beneath the flaming fire by night, 

And pillared cloud by day, 
Across the desert ocean's pathless plain 

Throbs on its pulsing Avay. 

XIV 

How vast a change is this ! and yet more vast 
Another change that o'er our Avorld has past. 
For savage Liberty that then uncurbed 



129 

Knew only power as might, 
A strong republic we have shaped and orbed 

To justice, law and right. 
This is our boast, not only Ave are free 
But free through Law, and scorning to be free, 

Through aid of any wrong, 
We, for the great hopes of humanity, 

Our state have builded strong. 

XV 

Is this the truth, or but an idle boast? 
On days Yike this it fits us to make pause, 
Look to our armour, test its strength and flaws ; 

See where we stand, what Ave have gained, what lost, 
Take counsel, weigh our cause. 

XVI 

And pausing now, and looking round, 

Boasting apart, can Ave affirm 

That Ave are Avhole and sound ? 
Or must AA^e, even Avhile Ave see 
Our large proud marches of prosperity. 
Abase our eyes, and OAvn, that, Avhile our groAvth 

Is mighty in material things, 
The soaring virtue of our bra\'e stern youth 

Flies low on Avounded Avings? 

XVII 

Alas ! the hymn to which our fathers trod 

With even step, the inspiring cry 
9 



130 

With "which tliey inarched to liberty, 
Their trumpet note, "Man only can be free 
When he is just to man and true to God, 

Virtue alone is true prosperity" 
This wakes faint echoes iu our bosoms now 
Our faith is weaker, our desires more low ; 
Let us be rich, we cry, wealth is the prize. 
That Freedom, drugged with greed and luxury, 

Holds up before our eyes. 
From the stern virtues that our fathers knew 

We turn with easy sneers, 
The trumpet tone that stirred them through and through 

Jars harshly on our ears. 
We can be bought and sold, — wc have struck palms 

With treachery and fraud. 
Dishonesty corrupts us with its alms 

And Bribery flaunts abroad ; 
Sly Knavery, disguised, prowls like a fox 

Around our politics ; 
The juggler's hand is in our ballot-box, 

While Office wins by tricks. 

The simple homely ways 

We knew in early days 
Have lost their zest and beauty iu our eyes ; 

Corners, we have, and rings, 
Where speculation hid in ambush lies 

And on the unwary springs — 

New vices bred new names. 
And in the public mart the bull and bear 

Wrangle and fight, and lie and tear, 



131 

And commerce for a swift advantage, games. 
Folly in diamonds leads the social dance, 
Half dressed and over free, 
With the frail brood of wild Extravasrance 
And reckless Vanity. 

XVIII 

Is this our great Repu1)lic? This the flower 
Of that high faith our fathers planted here? 
This the heroic spirit, and severe, 

They left us for our dower ? 

Are we so fallen, we neither care nor heed 

Whither our great republic drifts, so long 
As we on lotus flowers may lie and feed 

And listen to Corruption's syren song, 

Heedless of rocks and shoals that stretch before, 
And trusting only Luck in time of need 
To hold the helm upon a wild lee-shore? 

What though our captain may be brave and true, 
Or those the highest trust who hold, 

If mutineers are in the crew 
And scuttlers in the hold ? 

XIX 

Ah no ! it is not written in the book of Fate 

That heedless as Ave are, and blind, 
This glorious ship on which are set 

The eyes, the hopes, of all mankind. 
This great republic, with its precious freight, 



132 

That bears the flag of freedom at its peak, — 
This hope our fathers launched with hearts elato 

With fears, and prayers and sighs, — 
Throuijh our 2:ross nc2,li2:ence should suffer wreck 

In clear and cloudless skies. 

XX 

K the frail Mayflower could endure the stress 
Of wind and tempest, on its venturous way, 
With few to care and almost none to bless, 

Bravely, without dismay. 
Shall our strong ship, for want of worth and will. 
Well-timbered, well-appointed, framed with skill. 
Founder at last through utter recklessness? 

XXI 

No ! foreign war hath struck at us in vain. 
We have withstood the sterner, deadlier strain 

Of fierce fraternal strife ; 
We have worked out, with spirits stout and brave, 
Through our heart's blood, redemption for the slave 

Heedless of cost and life. 
We have cast oflf his chains into the sea, 
And purged us of the curse of slavery. 

And, now, it is not to be even thought. 

That we, who deeds like this have wrought, 
While in the bay of peace we lie 
Without a menace from the sky. 

Should perish from internal rot. 



133 



XXII 

It is not that within our land 

Is lack of spirit, brave and high, — 
Of lofty magnanimity, — 
Of pure heroic temper fit 
For actions large and grand. 

Who, that behind shall cast his eyes 
To that sad page of civil strife 
With all its stern brave sacrifice. 
Its faith that o'er defeat could fl}'', 
Its stubborn strength, its scorn of life, 
Such temper can deny ? 
It is the spirit of delay. 
The careless trust, that happy luck 
Will save us, come -what may, — 
The apathy with which we sec 
Our country's dearest interests struck, 

Dreaming that things will right themselves, 
That brings dismay. 

XXIII 

No ! things will never right themselves, — 

'Tis we must put them right. 
Strip for the task, do the good work, 

Labor with love unite. 

Fall into line, and fight! 
While half the honest, wise, and strong, 



134 

Apnrt in selfish silence stand, 
Hating the clanger and the wrong, 

And -yet too busy to uplift their hand 
And do the duties that belong 
To those who would be free. 

Our great republic, soiled in name, 
Is sliding down the dire declivity 
Of ruin and of shame. 

XXIV 

Here, then, upon this day 
So consecrate to memories of the past, 
And hopes and fears that o'er the future cast 

A dim and doubtful ray, 
I call upon you, noble men and true, 

High, low, young, old, wherever you may be, 

Awake ! arise ! cast off this lethargy ! 
Your ancient faith renew. 

And set your hands to do the task 
That freemen have to do ; 

Cleanse the Augean stall of politics 

Of its foul muck of crafts and wiles and tricks ; 
Break the base rings where commerce reeks and rots ; 
Purge speculation of its canker spots ; 
Drive off the cruel incubus that squats 

Upon our sleeping country, till it rise 

Renewed in strength, with upward looking eyes, 
And forward go upon the path 

Of its high destinies. 



135 



XXV 



If any love for liberty you bear, 

If any pride in this clear land you share, 

By all that love and pride, I pray you, swear 

To set her free : 
And make her record lion est, white, and fair 

111 sight of all humanity. 

XXVI 

Swift fly the years. Too swift, alas ! 

A full half century has flown. 
Since, through these gardens fair and pastures lono 

And down the busy street, 
Or 'neath the elms "whose shadows soft arc thrown 

Upon the common's trampled grass, 
Pattered my childish feet. 
Gone are the happy games we played as boys ! 
Gone the glad shouts, the free and careless joys, 
The fights, the feuds, the friendships that Ave had, 
And all the trivial things that had the power, 
When Youth was in its early flower. 

To make us sad or glad ! 
Gone the familiar ficcs that we kncAV, 
Silent the voices that once thrilled us through, 

And ghosts arc everywhere ! 
They peer from every window pane, 
From every alle}-, street and lane 

They whisper on the air. 



13G 

They haunt the mc.idows green nnd "wide, 

The garden walk, the river-side, 

The beating mill adust with meal, 

The rope-Avalk Avith its whirring wheel, 

The elm grove on the sunny ridge. 

The rattling draw, the echoing l)ridge; 

The lake on which we used to float 

What time the blue jay screamed his note, 

The voiceful pines that ceaselessly 

Breathed back their answer to the sea, 

The school house, where we learned to spell. 

The church, the solemn sounding bell, — 

All, all, are full of them. 
Where'er we turn, howe'er wc go, 

Ever wc hear their voices dim 

That sing to us as in a dream 

The sonir of "Long ago." 

XXVII 

Ah me, how many an autumn day 
We watched with palpitating breast 

Some stately ship, from India or Cathay, 
Laden with spicy odours from the East, 

Come sailing up the bay ! 
Unto our youthful hearts elate 
What Avealth beside their real freight 
Of rich material things they l)ore ! 
Ours were Arabian cargoes, fair, 
Mysterious, exquisite, and rare ; 



137 

From far romantic lands built out of air 
On an ideal shore 

Sent by Aladdin, Camaralzamau, 

Morgiana, or Badoura or the Khan. 
Treasures of Sinbad, vague and wondrous things 
Beyond the reach of aught but Youth's imaginings. 

XXVIII 

Glad were the days, now vanished evermore, 

When to our eager eye 
Some friendl}' key opened the Museum's door 

To worlds of mystery. 
There, wandering many an hour amazed 
With greedy look, we lingering gazed 

On treasures strange from many a foreign land, 
Whose very names our childish fancy smote, 
So vague were they and so remote, 

As awful, startling, grand ; 
Dim Madagascar, and the far 
Lone stretches of black Africa, 

Pagoda'd China, quaint Japan, 

Bronzed Egypt, where the creeping caravan 
Along the yellow desert lengthening files ; 
Hot Borneo and the tropic isles. 

Where summer burns, and spices grow. 

Arabia, Malta, Spain and Mexico, 
Silken Circassia, lovely land of dream. 
And bright Brazil where painted parrots scream ; 

Cyprus and Ehodes, and all the isles that sleep 



138 

In Grecian peace along the Ionian deep, 
And tui'bancd Turkey with its barred Harem. 
Wild Hottentot and stunted CafFrc-land, 
Swart Abyssinia, stately Samarcand, 

Lands of the grove-like banyan and the palm, 

Soft whispering seas of Polynesian calm ; 
Siberia, black with battlements of pines. 

Dwarfed Lapland, half asleep in buried snow, 
Sad Upernavik, where, all winter, shines 

No sun upon the dreary Esquimaux ; 
All these their treasures sent for our delight, 
To stir our fancy, and to charm onr sight. 

XXIX 

There spread before us we could see 
What worlds of curiosity ! 

Stranofc dresses — bead and feather trimmed — 
High Tartar boots, and tiny Chinese shoes. 

And all the slender craft that ever skimmed 
The shark-infested Indian sea — 

Catamarans, caiques, or birch canoes, 
Tinkling pagodas strung with bells, 
Carved ivory balls, half miracles ; 

Strung necklaces of shells and beads. 

Sharp poisoned spears and arrowheads, 
Bows, savage bludgeons, creeses keen. 
Idols of hideous shape and grin, 

Fat, bloated spiders stilted high 

Ou hairy legs that scared the eye ; 



139 

Great, gorgeous spotted butterflies, 
And every splendid plamaged bird, 

That flashes through the tropic skies 
Or in the sultry shade is heard ; 

All these, and hundreds more than these, we saw, 

That made our pulses beat with a delighted awe. 

XXX 

How oft half-fearfidly we prowled 

Around those gabled houses, quaint and old, 

Whose legends, grim and terrible. 

Of witch and ghost that used in them to dwell, 

Around the twilight fire were told ; 
While huddled close with anxious ear 

We heard them, quivering with fear. 
And, if the daylight half o'ercame the spell, 

'Twas with a lingering dread 
We oped the door and touched the stinging bell 

In the dark shop that led, 
For some had fallen under times disgrace, 

To meaner uses and a lower place. 
But as we heard it ring, our hearts' quick pants 

Almost were audible ; 
For with its sound it seemed to rouse the dead, 
And wake some ghost from out the dusky haunts 

Where faint the daylight fell. 

XXXI 

Upon the sunny wharves how oft 
Within some dim secluded loft 



140 

We played, and dreamed the livelong day, 
And all the "world was ours in play ; 
We cared not, let it slip away. 
And let the sandy hour-glass run. 
Time is so long, and life so long 
When it has just begun. 

XXXII 

Alas I though SAviftly it has fled. 

And gone are all the old familiar faces. 
And few they arc who lingering tread 

The old familiar places. 
Yet, still, those places we behold 
Almost unchanged from what they were of old 

Some fifty years ago ; 
The demon of wild change, that o'er our land 

Keeps hurrying to and fro. 
Swift to efface without a lingering trace 
Youth's happy landmarks, here hath stayed his hand ; 
And, if hot industry Ims hurried by 

To toil in busier marts. 
And nervous commerce spread its wings to fly 

To dizzier schemes and arts. 
Here it has left us calm serenity 

And peaceful hearts. 
And thus, apart from crowded din and noiso 
And the fierce strife that spoils life's simplest joys, 

Our dear old city worthily may claim 

Iler biblical old name, — 
*City of Peace,' — And tranquil in her age, 



141 

By no wild passions and ambitions torn, 

May calmly sit like to some honored dame 
And read her youth's bright page, — 

Happy to be at rest, unsoiled by shame, 
Proud of the noble children she hath borne, 
And looking forward still, with quiet heart 

And ever upward aim. 
To do her duty, and to act her part 

Beyond the reach of blame. 



ORATION 

BY 

HON. WM. C. ENDICOTT. 



OKATIO]^. 



We are assembled to-day to commemorate the founding 
of a great State : and to recall the names, the characters, 
the deeds of the men who fomided it ; men to whom the 
words of Bacon may be fitly applied : "The true marshal- 
ling of the degrees of honor are these : In the first place 
are conditores iiivperiorum, the founders of States and 
Commonwealths." They are entitled also to other de- 
grees of honor named by Bacon, for they were not merely 
the founders of a State, but fiithers of their country, who 
long reigned justly, making the times good wherein they 
lived, and lawgivers, governing by their ordinances after 
they were gone. 

The landing here two hundred and fifty years ago was 
the first step in the establishment of the Colony of Mas- 
sachusetts. To say that it was an event momentous in 
its consequences to England and America, would be to 
apply terms equally applicable to all successful coloniza- 
tion by the children of the mother country. But the 
planting of this Colony had a significance peculiar to 
itself, for it was intimately connected with and a part of 
that great national movement, of that great change in the 
life and government of the English people then just be- 
ginning. To restore to Englishmen their civil liberties, 
to establish the rii^ht of the English nonconformist to 
worship according to the dictates of his own conscience, 

10 (145) 



146 

were the motives whicli led alike to the Great Rebellion 
and to the colonization of Massachusetts. Both were 
parts of the great Puritan work. The leaders of both 
movements were Puritans, not the Puritans of the Com- 
monwealth, and of Cromwell, 1)ut Puritans as they stood 
in 1628, not then pledged to separate from the national 
church, but to purge and purify it by the aid of political 
forces, under the existing forms of government. That 
determined band of statesmen who passed the Petition of 
Eight in the parliament of 1628, and that no less deter- 
mined band who planned and established the Massachusetts 
Colony, were co-workers, friends and brothers embarked 
in the same cause, and struggling in different paths to 
accomplish the same ends. The one by wisdom in counsel 
and parliament, and if necessary by their swords in the 
field, intended to bring back to England the reign of 
order, liberty, and law ; the other to found another and a 
new England beyond the sea, where they and those who 
agreed with them might rest secure, and in which sacred 
asylimi their brethren in England might find refuge if the 
cause there was hopeless or went out in fire and blood. 

It would be interesting to trace, did time allow, the ties 
of lineage, of personal love and friendship, the bonds of 
common interests, civil and religious, the identity of 
views, purposes, and aims which united the Puritan 
leaders who came over, and those who remained to do 
their work in England, and made the cause of one the 
cause of both. As the struggle widened and deepened, 
the cause of one was not always the cause of the other ; 
the infant Colony had peculiar interests to be guarded and 
maintained at every cost; the progress of the civil war 
raised new leaders, educated in a new school, and issues 
never dreamed of in 1628 were to be met in England; 
but at the outset they were banded together for a common 



147 

purpose, and by concert of action in different fields they 
both sought to give civil and religious liberty to their 
countrymen. 

The influences which led to this great crisis in the 
history of England, and produced that lofty type of char- 
acter, and that noble elevation of thought, which dis- 
tinguished the Puritan leaders of that day, cannot foil to 
enlist the attention and engage the study of all who would 
understand the period. A brief enumeration of some of 
the most important, may assist us at this moment. 

During the century which had passed between the fall 
of Woolsey in 1529 and the embarkation of Endicott in 
1628, the human mind had made wonderful progress. It 
was a century of change, in which old things had passed 
away and all things had become new ; yet at its close the 
English kings still claimed the right to tax without par- 
liament, and to persecute for heresy and nonconformity. 
The England of 1529, and of the stormy years that fol- 
lowed, was still Catholic England. All the safeguards of 
constitutional freedom were swept away under Thomas 
Cromwell. The right to tax, to imprison, to execute, at 
the will of the sovereign, was claimed and exercised 
almost without dispute. The powers of parliament, 
recoo:nized and established under the Plantagenet and 
Lancastrian kings, were substantially extinguished under 
the first Tudors. The hopes of the new learning, with 
its schemes of social, religious, and political reform, which 
had begun to illumine England, fell before the fierce spirit 
of the times, and seemed to go out in darkness on the 
scaffold of Sir Thomas More. But the very violence 
with which the kingly power asserted itself may be in 
part explained by the great questions with which it was 
confronted, and by the new spirit that was abroad. For 
great elements were at work. 



148 

In 1526, the first copies of Tyndale's New Testament 
appeared in London, and within ten years the whole 
Bible translated was in the hands of the English people. 
It was a new revelation to the general mind of England, 
and was read, studied and committed to memory, as it 
never had been before. It was not merely read, but, in 
Bpite of the royal injunction, it was expounded and ex- 
plained in the pulpits, and was everywhere the theme of 
popular discussion. King Henry himself complained, 
"that it was disputed, rhymed, sung, and jangled in 
every tavern and alehouse" in the kingdom. It gave rise 
to new theories of government, of religion, of social 
duty ; it invested man himself with a new dignity and 
power, and gave another color to the times. Is it strange 
that it became at last the pillar of fire by night, the 
pillar of cloud by day, to guide the steps of the Puritan ; 
that, beside the authority of earthly rulers, and the vain 
counsels of fallible man, it should stand for him the 
store-house of all wisdom and truth — the one revelation 
of the will of God to man, dictating its law alike to the 
ruler of states and kingdoms and to the humblest of his 
subjects, and holding out to each, with an impartial hand, 
its blessed promises ? 

If the Bible was a great teacher, so was the Reforma- 
tion itself. Steadily, amid all the turbulence and violence 
of the time, the revolution which struck down the church 
of Rome went on ; the great religious houses disappeared, 
one by one, and their wide lands became the property of 
the subject ; the Reformation, stayed for a time by the 
fagi^ot and the block in the reign of Mary, finally tri- 
umphed under Elizabeth, and England became the great 
Protestant power, and the mistress of the sea. It was a 
period of intense excitement, of strange vicissitudes of 
fortune on sea and land, of dangers so overwhelming 



149 

that at last men forgqt the quarrels of politics and sect, 
and stood together to avert a common peril and to win a 
common victory. Such a struggle, extending through 
more than one generation of men, quickened all the intel- 
lectual faculties of the English nation, and gave to the 
people a feeling of strength, power and self-confidence 
never before known. It manifested itself in a spirit of 
adventure, that sent the ships of England to all quarters 
of the globe on voyages of trade and of discovery, and 
the tales that came back to every household, of the won- 
drous lands beyond the sea, first stirred that spirit of 
colonization, which has, even to the present time, sent 
yearly from the ports of England thousands of her chil- 
dren. That rich commerce which had called Venice from 
the Adriatic, and had studded the Mediterranean with 
great cities, sought her shores ; artisans and tradesmen, 
driven from the continent by its wars and persecutions, 
brouo;ht to England their skill and labor. She became 
rich and prosperous ; new arts, new industries sprung 
into life. 

Nor did England acquire from foreign lands an added 
commercial and industrial power merely. There Avas a 
revival of the ancient, and the foreign learning ; classical 
studies, which had well nigh disappeared in the turmoil 
of the Reformation, were again the pursuit of the English 
youth, and through the common schools, founded so nu- 
merously after the dissolution of the religious houses, 
reached a larger class than ever before. Such was the 
taste for the classical learning, it is said, that all the great 
ancient authors were translated into English before the 
close of the sixteenth century. And John Milton was 
not the first young Englishman who sought in foreign 
travel in Italy, and the great centres of the continent, 
larger opportunities for study and culture. He but fol- 



150 

lowed the example of the preceding century, and carried 
with him directions of travel and maxims of prudence 
from Sir Henry Wotton. The traces of the chissical and 
the foreign learning, with its grace and beauty, are to bo 
seen in all the literature, the letters, and the oratory of 
the time. And that band of English exiles, Avho during 
the Marian persecution had listened to Calvin in Geneva, 
had there seen a church without a bishop, a state without a 
king. They doubtless brought back some new thoughts 
of civil and religious government, which they scattered 
among their countrymen. Perhaps, to their prophetic 
eyes already appeared the pillars of the coming republic, 
rising in the dim distance. Rufus Choate, in his noble 
address on the Age of the Pilgrims, says, "I ascribe to 
that five years at Geneva an influence which has changed 
the history of the world." 

One fruit of this era of change, revolution and growth 
— this breaking up of the old limitations, this expansion 
of the horizon of thought and action — was the birth of 
that noble and splendid literature, which stands without a 
rival in modern times. The genius of its poets, drama- 
tists, and philosophers, has thrown into the shade the 
fame of the soldiers and statesmen of that eventful period. 
Born of the times, it was also the teacher of the times. 
While it reflected the national sentiment, it gave to it 
form and substance. But who can measure and estimate, 
within narrow limits, the influence of Sidney and Spenser 
and Shakspeare, of Hooker and Bacon, on the generations 
that knew them, and that were reared under this fresh 
inspiration ? 

I have thus endeavored briefly to state the temper and 
spirit of the time, and some of the influences at work to 
mould and fashion the Englishmen destined to do so great 
a work both at home and in America. As the literature 



151 

of the age was the fruit of the time, so were the men 
who Id 1628 had determined, in the service of civil and 
religious liberty, to reform England and to found another 
England beyond the Atlantic. They formed that great 
political party known in the reigns of James I. and of 
Charles I. as the Puritan Party. "The rank, the wealth, 
the chivalry, the genius, the learning, the accomplish- 
ments, the social refinements and elegance of the time 
were largely represented in its ranks." ^ A majority of 
the great middle class of Englishmen was also represented 
there, whom the age had rendered thoughtful and relig- 
ious ; of a bold, high, and independent spirit, they were 
ready to suiFer all for conscience and country ; they pos- 
sessed moderate means, and had no political power, but 
later they filled the parliamentary armies, and the ships 
of Endicott, Higginson, and "VVinthrop. 

The great controversy between popular and arbitrary 
principles, which was the legacy of the Tudors, continued 
through the reign of James ; it is spoken of by historians 
as the period of vital stuggle, though the open conflict 
and result did not come till later. The accession of 
Charles gave little hope of better things ; the French 
marriage of the King, his arrogant and repellent temper, 
his early efforts to govern without parliament, his relent- 
less hostility to the nonconformists in church worship, his 
forced loans and unlawful imprisonments, and the danger 
of a standing army, clearly indicated to all thoughtful 
men that the great conflict was at hand. "They saw that 
the time had come for determining Avhether the English 
people should live in future under an absolute or under a 
limited and balanced monarchy ; and they launched upon 
the course of measures which was to decide that momen- 
tous question."^ 

1 1 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., 279. = 1 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., 2C5. 



152 

The first two Parliaments of Charles were of a resolute 
disposition and were of short duration ; and in March, 
1628, the last Parliament, that was to meet at Westmin- 
ster until 1640, assembled. Its courageous spirit startled 
the King, and in his necessity he gave his assent to the 
famous Petition of Right, the second great charter of 
English liberty, which announced that forced loans, com- 
mitments without cause assigned, quartering of soldiers 
in private houses, and hearings before military tribunals 
of cases properly cognizable in courts of law, were con- 
trary to the liberties of the subject and the laws and stat- 
utes of the realm. This was afterwards violated by 
Charles, and Parliament, resenting his duplicity, and 
seeking to inquire into his conduct, was suddenly dis- 
solved in March, 1629. 

The Petition of Right was the first gun in the great 
conflict which was to divide Ens^land. It is a sino;u- 
lar fact that within a few days after the King assented 
to it, Endicott sailed for these shores ; and six days 
before Parliament was dissolved, for contesting the 
King's right to violate it, Charles signed the Colony 
Charter of Massachusetts, in March, 1629. Strange that 
the same hand to sign the Charter, which was to esta- 
blish the free State of Massachusetts, and thus give 
to the Puritan full scope to found his free government, 
should within one week dismiss a Puritan Parliament, 
because it sought to secure some guarantees of a free 
government at home. 

By these two acts the career of the Puritans was deter- 
mined in England and America. After years of arbitrary 
government and cruel persecution, they drew the sword 
in England ; the horrors of civil war followed , Charles 
fell upon the scafibld, but constitutional liberty was finally 
established by the Revolution of 1688. After years of 



153 

toil, suffering and danger in America, they established 
on a firm and enduring foundation the Colony of Massa- 
chusetts. 

To consider properly the nature of the expedition that 
Endicott conducted, and the government that he after- 
wards exercised on this spot, will require some detail of 
subsequent events. 

The colonial period, extending from September, 1628, 
to the extinction of the Charter, may be said to present 
three phases or forms of government: (1.) The govern- 
ment under Endicott and his associates from September, 
1628, to the organization of the company under the Colony 
Charter granted by the King, March 4, 1629. (2.) The 
government by Endicott and his Council, under the 
Charter, entitled the Governor and Council of London's 
Plantation in the Massachusetts Bay in New England, 
until the arrival of Winthrop, who superseded him in 
1630. (3.) The establishment of the colonial govern- 
ment here with the Charter under Winthrop and his 
successors till 1686. The distinction to be observed by 
these divisions is important to be kept in mind in con- 
sidering the nature and character of the authority ex- 
ercised while Salem was the seat of government. 

The "Great Patent of New England" as generally 
called, was a grant by James I, on November 3, 1620, to 
the Council established at Plymouth in the county of 
Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering and governing 
of New England in America, of all that section of the 
continent, lying between the fortieth and forty-eighth 
degrees of latitude, that is from the northern line of Vir- 
ginia to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to hold the same in 
free and common socage (an estate of the highest nature 
that any sul)ject can hold under any government), with 
power to establish laws not contrary to the laws of Eng- 



154 

land, and to correct, punish, pardon and rule all British 
subjects that should become colonists.^ 

Grants were made by the Council prior to 1628, some 
of which included territor}' afterwards embraced within 
the limits of Massachusetts.* Attempts were made to 
occupy portions of this territory before 1628. Roger 
Conant, the leader of the principal effort in this direction, 
a man of singular energy and determination, and some of 
his associates who formed a portion of the "Old Planters" 
as they were afterwards called, having abandoned their 
settlement at Cape Ann, came to Naumkeag in 1626, 
where, hoping for succor from England, they built houses 
and prepared land for cultivation, and were found by 
Endicott on his arrival two years later.^ 

On March 19, 1628, the Great Council of Plymouth 
granted to Sir Henry Roswell, Sir John Younge, Thomas 
Southcote, John Humphreys, John Endicott, and Simon 
Whetcombe, all that part of New England extending three 
miles north of every part of the Merrimack, and three 
miles south of every part of the Charles, from the At- 
lantic to the "South Sea." The original of this patent is 
not known to be in existence, but its substance is recited 
in the Charter obtained in the following year.^ All the 
rights, powers, and privileges of the Council to plant and 
rule this territory were conveyed to the patentees. Pre- 
cisely to what extent, or in what form the patentees had 
power to establish a government, appoint rulers, and 
enact laws, not repugnant to the laws of England, it is 
not important to inquire. No records of their adminis- 



3 Plymouth Col. Laws, 1. 

*A complete history of these grants by S. F. Haven, Esq., may be found in 
Lowell Iiistitnte Lectures on the Early History of Massachusetts, by members of 
the Mass. Hist. Soc, pp. 129, 152. 

' HubbarfVs Hist, of N. E., 107, 116. 

«1 Mass. Col. Rec, 3. 



155 

tration are known to exist, and the acts of those who 
came over under their authority afford the only evidence 
of the powers they exercised ; and there is no doubt that 
the Patent thus granted, which extinguished the chiim of 
the Council at Plymouth to this territory, was obtained 
for the purpose of enabling the patentees, if their enter- 
prise should prove successful, to procure the Royal Char- 
ter of the following year, which established a distinct and 
well defined form of government. It was a step in the 
growth of the Massachusetts Colony. 

The patentees, who acted in behalf of a large number 
of other persons, were in earnest and at once organized 
an expedition. Endicott, the only patentee who came 
over at that time, manifested much willingness to embark, 
which gave great encouragement to all interested in the 
scheme. He was well known to "divers persons of good 
note," and was selected as the leader.^ Little is known 
of his previous history. Yet we may assume, from the 
fact of his appointment to such a trust, that his qualities 
were well understood, and that he had already shown in 
other fields of action, that power of command, that in- 
trepid courage, that zealous love of liberty, that devout 
and earnest spirit, which fitted him here for the wilderness 
work, and led him to take so conspicuous a part in the 
government of the Colony for nearly forty years. The 
confidence which put him at the head of affairs in the 
morning of the enterprise, continued to the end ; and he 
was Governor of Massachusetts when, in 1665, at the 
ripe age of seventy-seven, death found him at his post. 
He sailed on the Abigail from Weymouth, June 20, 1628, 



'White's Planters' Plea, c. 9, p. 43, in 2 Force's Hist. Tracts. 3 Arch. Amer., 
XX, xxvi, 2. Memoir of John Endicott, by C. M. Endicott, Esq. Memorial of Gov. 
Endicott, by Hon. Stephen Salisbury, in Proceedings of Amer. Antiq. Soc, 1873, p. 
113. See also 2 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., p. 598. 



156 

with his company, and landed here two hundred and 
fifty 3'^ears ago this day. We have no information of what 
transpired on the voyage, except that they had a prosper- 
ous journey, and safe arrival, and that Endicott sent back 
a good report of the country, which inspired his friends 
at home with a new zeal. 

Tlie learned and venerated historian of New England, 
Dr. Palfrey, who, to the qualities of an accurate and pro- 
found student of history, adds the graces of a vigorous 
oratory, in a speech delivered at the Danvers Centennial 
Celebration in 1852, said : "When the vessel which bore 
the first Governor of Massachusetts was entering: the 
harbor of Salem, she was anxiously watched from the 
beach by four individuals, styled, in the quaint chronicles 
of the time, as 'Roger Conant and three sober men.' The 
vessel swung to her moorings, and flung the red cross of 
St. George to the breeze, a boat put off for tlie shore, 
and, that the Governor might land dry shod, Roger 
Conant and 'his three sober men' rolled up their panta- 
loons, — or rather their nether garments which we in these 
degenerate days call pantaloons, — waded into the water, 
and bore him on their shoulders to the dry land."^ In 
behalf of the patentees, he thus took possession of the 
territory described in the Patent. ^ 

Here, upon this spot, and at that hour, Massachusetts 
began her career. The Royal Charter on the foundation 
of the Patent was yet to be obtained, the ofiicials to ad- 
minister its authority, its governor and assistants were 
yet to be chosen and sworn into ofBce. Its church, its 
courts, its laws, its policy, were yet to be established, 
erected, and declared. But the corner stone of the tem- 
ple was laid. A firm and settled authority has since then 

* Danvers Centennial Celebration, p. 130. 



157 

existed here, and amid changes and revolutions, and 
under the several names of the Colony, the Province, the 
State, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the problem 
of self-government and of liberty regulated by law has 
been solved ; that liberty so beautifully descril)ed by 
Governor Winthrop, when at the close of his impeach- 
ment and acquittal, in 1645, he resumed his seat upon 
the bench. After alluding to the natural liberty which 
is incompatible and inconsistent with authority, he said : 
"The other kind of liberty I call civil or federal : it may 
also be termed moral, in reference to the covenant be- 
tween God and man in the moral law, and the politic 
covenants and constitutions amongst men themselves. 
This liberty is the proper end and object of authority, 
and cannot subsist without it ; and it is a liberty to that 
only which is good, just and honest. This liberty you 
are to stand for with the hazard (not only of your goods, 
but) of your lives, if need be. Whatsoever crosseth this 
is not authority, but a distemper thereof. This liberty is 
maintained and exercised in a way of subjection to author- 
ity ; it is of the same kind of liberty w^herewith Christ 
hath made us free."^ These are noble and stirring words, 
and Avhen the children of the Puritans forget them, their 
heritage will pass away like a scroll. 

The instructions to Endicott, signed by his associates, 
John Venn and others, which w^ere dated a short time 
before he sailed, are lost. Hutchinson, who apparently 
had them before him when he wrote his history, says, 
that "all the affiiirs of the Colony were committed to his 
care."^** What was then the organization of the patentees 
in England does not appear, and it may be doubted 
whether they contemplated any permanent organization, 

« 2 Life and Letters of John Winthrop, 341. 
1° 1 Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, 16. 



158 

until their plans were so far matured that they were ready 
to ask for, and able to obtain, a royal charter. The ex- 
pedition they sent out was thus entrusted to Endicott, 
probably with full powers, as he is spoken of in the 
Planters' Plea by John White, who was one of his asso- 
ciates, and signed his letter of instructions, as having 
been "sent over Governor."^^ They evidently intended 
to provide and send to him ministers, a copy of the 
Patent under seal, and a seal as the sign of his author- 
ity;^ though the vessel that bore the ministers did not 
sail till after the Charter was granted. 

That Endicott did exercise full authority after his arri- 
val is evident from his acts. He allotted lands to settlers, 
and Higginson the next year found a large number of per- 
sons settled at Salem, with houses and lands inclosed. 
He says; "We found about half a score of houses, with 
a fair house newly built for the Governor." ^^ And it may 
fairly be presumed that Endicott maintained order and 
exercised command. Before the w'inter an exploring 
party made or prepared to make a settlement at Charles- 
town ; and Endicott himself conducted an expedition to 
Merry JSIount, which he called Mount Dagon, within the 
jurisdiction of the Patent, cut down the May pole of 
Morton's companions, rebuked them for their profaneness, 
and admonished them "to look there should be better 
walking."^* 

That he exercised a ruler's authority within his juris- 
diction, and was most judicious in his dealings with the 
Indians, is apparent from the fact the General Court in 
1660 confirmed, contrary to their custom, a grant of land 

"White's Planters' Plea, c. 9, p. 43 in 2 Force's Hist. Tracts. 3 Arch. Anier., 
XX, xxvi, 2. 

»2 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 24. 383. 

*2 Young's Cliron. of Mass., 258. 

»* 1 Palfrey, Hist. N. E., 289. Morton's N. E. Memorial, 137. 



159 

by the Indians to John Endicott, Jr. ; "considering the 
many kindnesses that were shown to the Indians by our 
honored Governor in the infancy of these plantations for 
the pacifying the Indians, tending to the common good 
of the first planters, in consideration whereof the Indians 
were moved to such a gratuity unto his son."^^ The old 
planters were not altogether satisfied with the advent of 
a new company in which they had no part ; but all diffi- 
culties with them were adjusted, and as if to commemo- 
rate the happy settlement, and as typical of the peace 
that followed, the Indian name of Naumkeag was changed 
to Salem ; and at a General Court afterwards convened 
by Endicott, in June, 1629, they were "all combined 
together into one body politic, under the same Gover- 
nor." ^^ 

The story of the first winter is a tale of exposure, pri- 
vation, sickness, and death. Though less severe than the 
terrible sufierings of the pilgrims at Plymouth, it was 
greater than that which visited the larger company which 
came over two years later with Winthrop. The dire dis- 
tress of the settlers led to the visit of Fuller from Ply- 
mouth, and that friendship began which ever after existed 
between the Colonies to the time of their union under the 
Province Charter. Endicott's wife died, and doubtless 
under the influence of that great afiiiction, he wrote a 
touching letter to Bradford in which he says: "It is a 
thing not usual that servants of one master and of the 
same household should be strangers. I assure you I 
desire it not. Nay, to speak more plainly, I cannot be 
so to you. God's people are all marked with one and 
the same mark, and have for the main one and the same 
heart, guided by one and the same spirit of truth ; and 

i» 4 Mass. Col. Rec, Ft. 1, 427. 

^'Young's Chron. of Mass., 259, Thornton'B Landing at Cape Ann, 68, 



160 

where this is, there can be no tliscord, nay, here must 
needs be a sweet harmony." ^^ 

But during all his trials and dangers, his courage did 
not fail. We have none of the letters he wrote home, 
but we can gather from the replies he received, and from 
the annalists of the time, that his words were hopeful and 
confident, giving encouragement to his associates, and 
enablinir them to enlarf2:e both their means and their num- 
bers. Cradock, whose name first appears at this time as 
a patentee, wrote to him in behalf of the whole, thanking 
him for the "large advise" contained in his letters, and 
giving assurance that they " intend not to be wanting by 
all good means to further the plantation." ^'^ This letter 
contains many suggestions, but no positive commands in 
regard to Endicott's administration of affairs, showing 
that they relied mainly on his discretion and judgment. 
And in pursuance of this promise, six vessels sailed 
from England in April, 1629, and arrived in Salem the 
following June, bearing a large number of colonists with 
cattle, food, arms, and tools. Among the passengers 
came Higginson and Skelton, destined to be the first 
ministers of the church founded at Salem. Previously 
to this embarkation, the Charter was granted, but of this 
Endicott probably had no notice until their arrival. A 
new sovernment was to be established ; and with the 
arrival of this fleet, the first stage in the history of the 
Colony may be said to have closed. 

While these events transpired here, the Charter had 
been obtained in England. It was dated March 4, 1629, 
and granted and confirmed to Sir Henry Roswell and the 
other patentees named in the Patent, and twenty asso- 



" Memoir of John Endicott by C. M. Endicott, Esq., p. 27. Morton's N. E. Me- 
morial, p. 143. 

" 1 Maes. Col. Kec, 383. 



161 

dates, the same territory, to hold by the same tenure, and 
made them "a body corporate and politic, in fact and in 
name, by the name of the Governor and Company of the 
Massachusetts Bay in New England. "^^ 

There has been some difference of opinion among his- 
torians respecting the character of the corporation thus 
created. But a careful examination of the provisions of 
the Charter leads irresistibly to the conclusion that it does 
not establish a corporation merely for the purpose of 
trade arid traffic, but was intended to be the constitution 
and foundation of a political government. 

It appoints from among the grantees a governor, Mat- 
thew Cradock, a deputy governor, and eighteen assistants 
by name, with power to nominate and appoint as "many 
others as they shall think fit and that shall be willing to 
accept the same, to be free of the said company and body, 
and them into the same to admit." The persons thus 
appointed became members of the corporation, having 
the power annually to choose the governor, deputy gover- 
nor, and assistants, and they are styled in the Charter 
and were known in the subsequent history of the Company 
as the freemen. To the governor, deputy governor, 
assistants and freemen assembled in general court, the 
Charter gives the power "from time to time to make, 
ordain and establish all manner of wholesome and reasona- 
ble orders, laws, statutes, and ordinances, directions and 
instructions" not contrary to the laws of England; in- 
cluding the "settling of the forms and ceremonies of 
government and magistracy, fit and necessary for the said 
plantation and the inhabitants there, and for naming and 
styling of all sorts of officers, both superior and inferior, 
which they shall find needful for that government and 



"IMass. Col. Rec.fS. 
11 



162 

plantation, and the distinguishing and setting forth of the 
several duties, powers, and limits of every such office and 
place." 

It also provides for the forms of their oaths, and "the 
disposing and ordering of the elections of such of the 
said officers as shall be annual, and of such others as shall 
be to succeed in case of death or removal ; " and that 
"these our letters patents or the duplicate or exemplifica- 
tion thereof shall be to all and every such officers, superior 
and inferior, a sufficient warrant and discharge;" and it 
declares "that all and every such chief commanders, cap- 
tains, governors, and other officers and ministers," as 
should be appointed by the governor and company, 
"either in the government of the said inhabitants and 
plantation, or in the way by sea thither, or from thence, 
according to the natures and limits of their offices and 
places respectively," should "have full and absolute power 
and authority to correct, punish, pardon, govern and rule" 
all English subjects inhabiting said plantation or voyaging 
thither or from thence, according to the orders, laws, and 
instructions of the company. And the chief commanders, 
governor, and officers for the time being resident in New 
England are empowered for their defence and safety "to 
encounter, expulse, repel and resist by force of arms, as 
well by sea as by land, and by all fitting ways and means 
■whatsoever, all such person and persons as shall at any 
time hereafter attempt or enterprise the destruction, inva- 
sion, detriment or annoyance to the plantation or inhabi- 
tants;" and to captm-e their persons, ships, munitions, 
and other goods. 

These provisions of the Charter are fully recited, that 
the character of the government authorized to be estab- 
lished here by the Company in England, may be disclosed, 
and the extent of the powers afterwards delegated to 
Endicott and his Council, may be understood. 



163 

The Company was duly organized in England, and the 
Governor, the Deputy Governor, and Assistants, took the 
oaths of office ; a committee was appointed to write to 
Endicott and to make orders and powers for the govern- 
ment of the Colony. Such a letter was prepared, directed 
to Endicott and his Council, and forwarded to him by the 
ships which carried Higginson and his companions, ac- 
companied by duplicates of the Charter and the seal of 
the Company. ^° The letter informed him that a Charter 
had been obtained, that he had been "confirmed " Gover- 
nor, and that they had. provided him with a Council. 
Many suggestions are made and wishes expressed in 
regard to particular matters, but no positive orders are 
given. The whole government of the Colony was by this 
letter intrusted to Endicott and his Council ; and the letter 
states, "to the end that you may not do anything contrary 
to law nor the power granted us by his Majesty's Patents, 
we have, as aforesaid, sent you a duplicate of the letters 
patent, under the great seal of England, ordering and 
requiring you and the rest of the council there not to do 
anything, either in inflicting punishment on malefactors, 
or otherwise, contrary to or in derogation of said letters 
patent ; but if occasion require, we authorize you and 
them to proceed according to the power you have." In 
case of Endicott's death, Mr. Skelton or Mr. Sharpe is 
named to take charge of affairs, "and to govern the people 
according to order, until further order." And in commit- 
ting to the discretion of Endicott and his Council, the 
maintenance of their privileges against the claims and 
interference of John Oldham and his adherents, the caution 
is given, that "the preservation of our privileges will 
chiefly depend (under God) upon the first foundation of 
our government." 

"0 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 37«, 37', 386. 



164 

There can be no question that the appointments thus 
made and the powers conferred were but preliminary to a 
more formal election, and a more specific delegation of 
authority. They were probably sent forward at the time, 
because of the opportunity afforded by the sailing of Hig- 
ginson and others, who were to be of the Council. 

On April 30, 1629, a general court was held, the letter 
sent a few days before was confirmed, orders were drawn 
up and an election had.^^ The record recites that the 
Company "thought fit to settle and establish an absolute 
government at our plantation in the said Massachusetts 
Bay in New England," to consist of thirteen persons, resi- 
dent on the plantation, who should "from time to time and 
at all time hereafter have the sole managing and ordering 
of the government and our afiairs there," and "be entitled 
by the name of the Governor and Council of London's 
Plantation in the Massachusetts Bay in New England. 
And having taken into due consideration the merit, worth, 
and good desert of Caj^tain John Endicott, and others 
lately gone over from hence with purpose to reside and 
continue there, we have with full consent and authority of 
this court, and by erection of hands, chosen and elected 
the said Captain John Endicott to the place of present 
Governor in our said Plantation," for one year after he 
should take the oath of office (which was sent out to be 
administered to him in New England), or until the Com- 
pany should choose a successor. At the same time they 
elected seven members of the Council (Francis Higginson 
and others who had recently sailed), and gave to the 
Governor and the seven authority to elect three more ; 
and, to complete the thirteen who were to compose the 
government, the former or old planters residing within 
the limits were empowered to name the remaining two 

«1 Mass. Col. Bee, 31>, 361. 



165 

members. To the government thus erected power was 
given to elect one of their number deputy governor, to 
make choice of a secretary and other necessary officers, 
and to fill vacancies caused by death or removal from office 
for misdemeanors or unfitness. Under the power derived 
from the Charter and in nearly the same words, the 
Governor and Council in New England were authorized 
"to make, ordain, and establish all manner of wholesome 
and reasonable laws, orders, ordinances, and constitutions 
(so as the same be no way repugnant or contrary to the 
laws of the realm of England) , for the administering of 
justice upon malefactors, and inflicting condign punish- 
ment upon all other oflenders, and for the furtherance 
and propagating of the said plantation, and the more 
decent and orderly government of the inhabitants resi- 
dent there." ^^ 

A more complete delegation of the law-making power 
to a political government could not well be framed ; and 
substantially the same words are used in conferring it on 
the Legislature in the Province Charter, and in the Con- 
stitution of the Commonwealth.^^ The forms and cere- 
monies of government and magistracy necessary for the 
plantation, the chief commanders, captains, governors, 
officers, and other ministers, named in the Charter, to 
whom were intrusted full power to correct, punish, par- 
don, govern and rule all English subjects resident in New 
England, or on the way thither or from thence by sea, 
according to the nature and limits of their powers and 
offices, and to whom the authority is given to wage defen- 
sive war, were by this act declared and ajipointed, and 
the Governor and Council of London's Plantation in 



*2 See also Letter to Endicott, May 28, 1629. 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 39S. 
«Aac. Chart., 32, 33. Const, of Mass., Ch. 1, Sec. I, Art. IV. 



166 

Massachusetts Bay in New England invested with the 
powers of the Company, under the Charter, to make such 
laws as the Company might make. 

It is also to be observed that, while the form of the 
oath to be administered to the Governor of the Company 
in England binds him to execute the statutes and ordi- 
nances made by the authority of the assistants and freemen 
of the Company, the oath to be taken by "the Governor 
beyond the sea" omits this clause, and, after stating that 
he shall support and maintain the government and Com- 
pany, declares, that "Statutes and ordinances shall you 
none make without the advice and consent of the Council 
for the government of the Massachusetts Bay in New 
England."^* This clearly refers to the Council on the 
spot, which had been appointed as a branch of the gov- 
ernment here ; and evidently contemplates that the laws, 
by which the Colony was to be governed, were to be 
enacted by Endicott and his Council. That it was the 
intention of the Company to clothe the government in 
New England with power to admit freemen is manifested 
by another clause in the Governor's oath, which states 
"you shall admit none into the freedom of this Company 
but such as claim the same by virtue of the privileges 
thereof." The oath to be administered to the Governor 
of the Company in London contains a similar clause. 
None of the powers conferred by the Charter, and essen- 
tial to the proper and efficient government of the Colony, 
seem to have been withheld. 

But it is not to be supposed that the Company in Lon- 
don intended to surrender the whole legislative authority 
to the government thus established in New England, 
without any power to restrain it, if it should exceed or 

»« 1 Mass. Col. Kec, 39, 319, 351, 399. 



167 

unwisely execute its trust. And that they might be in- 
formed of the conduct of the government here, and the 
character of the laws which it enacted, it -was provided in 
the vote, which conferred the law-making power on 
Endicott and his Council, that copies of all laws should 
" from time to time be sent to the Company in Loudon."^ 

It does not appear that the Company passed any other 
orders or laws in England for the government of the 
Colony here (except the orders for the apportionment of 
laud to settlers, and for the observance of the Sabbath ),^^ 
or in regard to any law enacted here under Endicott ; and, 
as before stated, the language of the several letters of 
instruction is rather of susfo-estion than command. 

To the Governor and Council thus set up in New 
England, complete power w^as delegated to administer a 
political government, to make laws, to appoint officers, 
and to admit as freemen of the Company, those who 
claimed the same by virtue of its privileges ; the Company 
of course retaining in itself the power to change the 
government, appoint new officers, and repeal or change 
any laws which might be enacted. 

The right of the Company under the Charter to make 
this delegation of power cannot be disputed. On this 
point the Charter is explicit; the clause which gives to 
chief commanders, captains, governors, and other officers 
in New England appointed by the Company, the power 
to correct, punish, pardon, govern and rule all English 
subjects there resident, clearly indicates that it was the 
intention of the Charter to authorize such delegation, and 
to establish in the persons so appointed the highest func- 
tions of government, to which is added the power to wage 



"IMass. Col. Kec, 38. 

««1 Mass. Col. Rec, 43, 363, 399. 



168 

defensive war by sea and land without order from or re- 
course to the Crown. ^ 

That this government was at the time intended to be 
permanent, there would seem to be no question. There 
is no evidence that a removal of the Company in London 
with the Charter was then considered or thought of. The 
first mention of such a project was made some months 
later by Cradock.^^ Indeed Winthrop and other persons 
of note and fortune, upon whose accession to the Com- 
pany the removal afterwards took place, were not then 
members, and had taken no part in the enterprise. ^^ 

We cannot fail to see, in this large grant of power to a 
subordinate government, that purpose, so soon to be more 
distinctly manifested, of establishing a state independent 
and complete in itself; owing no duty to the Crown of 
England, except so far as the Charter compelled it to pay 
one-fifth part of all precious metals found in the soil to 
the King, and forbade them to make laws repugnant to 
those of England. This was the construction put upon 
the Charter by the founders of Massachusetts, and guided 
their policy for fifty years. 

Such was the character of the government erected here. 
The records of Endicott's administration are not known 
to be in existence, and there is no direct evidence when 
he took the required oaths. But it appears from various 
sources, that he held courts, councils, and elections, 
granted lands, made laws, and regulated the civil and 
religious affairs of the Colony, under his appointment by 
the Company, from the time of Higginson's arrival, until 



"1 Mass. Col. Rec, 18. 1 Hutchinson's Hist. Mass., 20, 366. 1 Chalmer's Annals, 
142. 

28 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 49. See Remarks by Charles Deane, Esq., on " The Forms 
of issuing Letters Patent by the Crown of England," Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 
Dec, 1809, pp. 166, 179, 180. 

"Young's Chron. of Mass., 281, 283. 



169 

he was superseded by Winthrop in the summer of 1630 ;*' 
indeed there is no record of any other authority exercised 
in the Colony, until the first court held by Winthrop in 
August of that year. 

Two events took place in Salem during Endicott's ad- 
ministration, worthy of special notice ; the establishment 
of the first church in the Colony, and the return of the 
Brownes to England. 

The arrival of Skelton and Higginson, who were non- 
conforming ministers of the Church of England, and the 
spiritual needs of the colonists settled at Salem, led to 
the immediate organization of the first church of the Col- 
ony, which still exists as the First Church of Salem. It 
was a most important event, and determined the constitu- 
tion of all the churches of New England. 

It is not practicable here to point out all the distinc- 
tions of faith and doctrine, or to enumerate the sects 
which divided those engaged in resisting the assumptions 
and claims of the Church of England. It is sufficient to 
say that the Puritans who founded the Colony, and their 
friends who were struofwlinor for relio:ious freedom at 
home, were not separatists, but nonconformists. It was 
no new struggle ; it had divided the church during 



'"Edward Howes, in a letter to John Winthrop, Jr., dated London, March 25, 
1633, says: "There was presented to the Lords lately about twenty-two of Capt. 
Endicott's Laws," 29 Mass. Hist. Coll., 257. 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 48, 361, 363, and 
Letters of Cradock, 386, 398. See also the learned note to the case of Commonwealth 
vs. Roxhury, 9 Gray (Massachusetts Reports), 450, note pp. 503, 506, 507. In the 
petition of the General Court to Parliament in 1651, signed by Endicott and Dud- 
ley, then Governor and Deputy Governor, after alluding to their original charter, 
under which they came over " about three or four and twenty years since," they 
say : " By which Patent, liberty and power was granted to us to live under the 
government of a governor, magistrates of our own chosing, and under laws of our 
own making (not being repugnant to the laws of England), according to which 
patent we have governed ourselves above this twenty-three years." This covers 
the period from 1628 to 1651, including Endicott's first administration under the 
charter in 1629. 

1 Hutchinson's Hist, of Mass., 148. 



170 

tho preceding century, and may be traced still further 
back. 

The separatists, to which sect the Plymouth emigrants 
belonged, left the established church ; the nonconformists 
remained "within the pale, contending against its prelacy, 
its ceremonies and discipline, while not objecting to its 
doctrine. In such a contest the tendency was constantly 
to drive the nonconformists to separatism ; and here in 
the new world, distant from the church and its influences, 
it would have been strange if the Puritan had still con- 
tinued to cling to the hierarchy from whose persecutions 
he had fled. There was no bishop here, from whom could 
descend spiritual and ecclesiastical power upon the minis- 
ter to be installed in his holy ofiice. Neither the Com- 
pany in London nor the Governor here possessed any 
power of appointment. It must therefore conie from the 
congregations, from the Christian men who, called of God 
to their high estate, could thus exercise the function of 
prelate and of king. Endicott doubtless reached this 
conclusion without difficulty ; he had learned from Brad- 
ford and Fuller their outward form of worship, that it 
was far difi"erent from the common report, and such as he 
had alwa3's professed and maintained. Skelton and Hig- 
ginson, who were asked to give their views of the manner 
in which the minister should be called to his office, re- 
plied : there was a twofold calling, "the one an inward 
calling, when the Lord moved the heart of a man to take 
that calling upon him, and fitted him with gifts for the 
same ; the second was an outward calling which was from 
the people, when a company of believers are joined iu 
covenant to walk together iu all the ways of God." These 
conclusions were not reached without protracted consulta- 
tion. The ceremonies that followed were simple and 
primitive. The members of the congregation voted for 



171 

whom they would have as pastor and teacher, and Skel- 
ton and Higginson were chosen. Four of the gravest 
members of the church laid their hands in prayer upon 
them and they were ordained to their sacred duties. A 
covenant was afterward drawn up, and signed by the 
members, and on a later day the deacons and elders were 
elected, the former proceedings were affirmed, and Brad- 
ford, who was present from Plymouth, gave the right 
hand of fellowship to the new church. ^^ 

Such was the first New England ordination. At a sin- 
gle blow they had separated the organization of the 
church from the authority of the state ; but the full sig- 
nificance of the act was not appreciated by the actors in 
that memorable scene. What seem to us the necessary 
conclusions from such a step did not follow ; and doubt- 
less it did not occur to Endicott or the ministers that they 
had done anything more than recognize the right of a 
godly people in every parish to choose its minister, under 
the eye of a godly magistrate. The church was still to 
continue a part of the Puritan state ; its membership was 
for many years to be the qualification of those who were 
to make its laws and administer its authority ; and the 
conduct of its teachers, and the religious belief and prac- 
tice of its people, were to be the subject of investigation 
and correction by the temporal power. When we con- 
sider the dangers that surrounded the infant state and 
church, we cannot at this day know that their union was 
not necessary and essential to the public safety. 

Though the Puritan was in advance of his time, he was 
still subject to its influences. The idea that religion 
could be sustained, except through the aid of political 



3' Letter of Chas. Gott, July 30, 1629. Hubbard's ffist. N. E., 2G4. Morton's N. 
£. Memorial, 118. 



172 

forces, had not yet dawned upon the world at large, and 
had not then occurred to the Puritan. The experience 
too of mankind was against it. Luther would have been 
destroyed but for the aid of the Elector of Saxony ; Cal- 
vin was sheltered and protected by the Republic of Ge- 
neva. Dear to the heart of the Puritan was his religious 
faith; alone in the wilderness, surrounded by perils, God 
was very near to him, and he wanted a church to declare 
and defend His word. Dear also to him was the liberty 
of the people, and he wished to found a government that 
would regulate and protect it. That the church would 
furnish such a bulwark to the rising state, and that the state 
would find the church a source of strength and purity, 
were the natural and necessary conclusions which he 
reached in common with the current opinion of his time. 
But even in the small band of colonists there was oppo- 
sition to the new church. The question was asked, 
whether this was a church? John and Samuel Browne, 
who were brothers and members of Endicott's Council, 
recently arrived, men of character and influence, set up a 
separate worship of their own, in conformity to the disci- 
pline and ceremonies of the Church of England ; and 
charged that the ministers " were separatists and would be 
annabaptists." A conference was held before the Gover- 
nor. Accommodation of the dispute was impossible. En- 
dicott was in no mood, at this time, and in the critical 
condition of affairs, to tolerate schism. He acted with 
his usual vigor ; finding that the brothers were of high 
spirit, and that their speeches and practices tended to 
mutiny and faction, he told them "that New England was 
no place for such as they," and sent them back to England 
by the returning ships. ^'^ This act was not formally dis- 

»3 1 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., 298. 



173 

approved by the Company in London, though cautious 
and politic letters were sent to Endicott and the minis- 
ters.^^ He might well have relied on the instructions in 
a previous letter, in which Cradock said: "If any prove 
incorrigible, and will not be reclaimed by gentle correc- 
tion, ship such persons home by the 'Lion's Whelp,' 
rather than keep them there to infect and to be an occa- 
sion of scandal unto others."^* 

The question thus decided was of great importance, for 
it settled the construction put upon the Charter, that the 
Company and its officers had the right to exclude from 
their chartered limits all persons whose schemes and prac- 
tices were subversive of authority, creating dissensions, 
fomenting discord and mutiny, and thereby imperilling 
the safety of the Colony. This course was afterwards 
followed, not only against those whose conduct and speech 
impaired the authority of the rulers, but against those 
guilty of crimes peculiarly infamous and dangerous to the 
young Colony. "Religious intolerance, like every other 
public restraint, is criminal, wherever it is not needful for 
the public safety ; it is simply self-defence, whenever 
tolerance would be public ruin."^ 

The Colony was like a ship at sea, or an army on the 
march, and disaffection and mutiny in the crew, or in the 
ranks, must be summarily dealt with. The wide conti- 
nent was open to colonization, but the narrow strip of 
land called Massachusetts had been given to this people 
as their own, with power to determine who should enjoy 
and be admitted to its privileges, and upon what terms 
and conditions. It was a heavy labor they had under- 
taken, beset with danger on every side ; and only with a 



w 1 Mass. Col. Kec, 51, 407, 408. ^* 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 393. 

«6 1 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., 300. 



174 

united people could the work be accomplished. They 
banished those only who disturbed their peace, and who 
they thought endangered their safety ; and while they 
adhered to this rule, they had the right to exercise this 
power. 

Another winter of suffering and death followed this 
new arrival of colonists. Eighty died, and the accom- 
plished and gifted Iligginson contracted the fatal malady, 
which soon carried him to the grave. But in the summer 
of 1629 he had written that glowing description of New 
England and its promise, which passed through three edi- 
tions in London within a few months, awakened an intense 
interest in the new Colony, and led many to embark. 

On the other side of the water great changes had been 
made. The proposition of Cradock, that the whole gov- 
ernment with the Charter should be removed to New 
England, had been, after grave debate, adopted by the 
Company ; and a number of gentlemen of worth and for- 
tune agreed to come over with their families and cast their 
lot with the colonists.^® Cradock withdrew from his office 
of Governor, and John Winthrop was chosen to succeed 
him. A Deputy Governor was elected, and eighteen 
Assistants, among whom was Endicott.^^ Great prepara- 
tions were made, and in the spring seventeen vessels 
sailed from England, bearing more than a thousand pas- 
sengers, and among them were Winthrop, Dudley, Salton- 
stall, and Johnson. 

The period of Endicott's administration was drawing 
to its close ; the year for which he was elected was soon 
to expire. Salem was no longer to be the scat of the 
government, but merely one of the towns in the Colony 
of which Boston was to be the capital. An era of pros- 

»» Young's Chron. of Mass., 281, 282. " 1 Mass. Col. Rec, 58. 



175 

perity and growth was about to dawn with the coming 
fleets of Winthrop. 

But we cannot forget the courage which held the place 
though those two memorable years of suffering and dan- 
ger, and amid sorrow, tears, and death, sent back to 
England words of hope and confidence ; a courage, not 
born of mere personal fortitude and contempt of danger, 
but inspired and sustained by a devout trust that God 
would lead His children to the promised land ; nor can we 
forget that here the foundation of the State was laid, in 
soil sanctified by the blood of those who perished in the 
effort. 

That our knowledge of the events of those two years 
is so imperfect must ever be a subject of regret ; though 
the student of that period is not without hope that the 
records of Endicott's government and his letters home 
may yet be found. Henceforward we move in a clearer 
light. 

On the 12th of June, 1630, Governor Winthrop, bear- 
ing the Charter, arrived at Salem, in the Arbella. He 
was cordially welcomed by Endicott, and a warm and ten- 
der friendship seems to have begun at that time, which 
lasted without a cloud while Winthrop lived. They were 
both throughout their lives in the constant service of the 
Colony, and during twenty-seven of the thirty-five years 
which followed, one or the other held the office of Gover- 
nor. Winthrop soon assumed the management of affiiirs. 
The great services which he rendered in developing and 
establishing the Colony, cannot well be over-estimated. 
He possessed a rare genius for government, and was ad- 
mirably trained for the execution of his work. It would 
require more time than we have, properly to delineate his 
character, to measure his powers, or to point out the dis- 
tinctive features of our system, for which we are indebted 



176 

to him. His name must ever stand among the great 
names of Massachusetts. 

During the next thirty years the Puritans had full 
opportunities to develop and mould their institutions. 
Thouofh threatened at times with interference from Enor- 
land, they maintained their course and were practically 
independent and subject to no control by the authorities 
at home. During the first ten years Charles was too 
much occupied with his own difficulties to give much at- 
tention to this side of the Atlantic. During the second 
ten years the parliamentary struggle and the civil war 
were raging ; and during the last ten there was no king 
in England. 

It was the golden age of the New England Puritans ; 
and in 1660, when Charles II was restored, their great 
work was substantially done, and the system which we 
have inherited was settled on a firm and enduring basis. 
Having a government under the Charter clothed only with 
general powers, they started out with no written plans or 
constitution ; they had no theories prepared in the closet 
and based upon abstract principles. They wanted a free 
government, annually responsible to the will of the free- 
men of the Colony, in which the greatest liberty should 
exist that was compatible with order and authority ; and 
gradually it grew into symmetry and beauty, measure fol- 
lowing measure, as the hour and the exigency demanded. 

When the freemen became too numerous to meet in 
general court, town representation was established ; and 
later they adopted that great security of a constitutional 
government, a legislature of two co-ordinate branches. 
When the question arose how local authority should be 
administered and taxes levied, the system of town gov- 
ernment, substantially the same as it exists to-day, was 
created in 1636 ; and these little republics, the best 



177 

schools of selfgovernment in the world, survived the loss 
of charters, and even in times of revolution protected the 
people and maintained order. They early understood 
that to make the government they intended to found, 
enduring and perpetual, the people must be educated, 
and they made the schools a public charge ^^ and endowed 
the collejTfe at Canibridf>-e. The same year that the Com- 
mons of England voted '^^ to publish Lord Coke's Com- 
mentary on ^Slagna Charta, the Massachusetts colonists 
established a code of fundamental laws, known as The 
Body of Liberties, in which it is declared that : "The free 
fruition of such liberties, immunities and privileges, as 
humanit}^, civility, and Christianity call for as due to 
ever}' man in his place and proportion without impeach- 
ment and infringement, hath ever been and ever will be 
the tranquillity and stability of Churches and Common- 
wealths.'"^" To strengthen their hands at home and abroad 
they joined the Confederation of the New England Colo- 
nies, thus shadowing forth the Union of these States. 
And thus Ave might trace through all the laws and policy 
of the Colony the gradual growth of our institutions. 



s^At a Quarterly Court, Mar. 30, 1641, "Col. Endicott moved about the fences and 
a free school, and therefore wished a whole town meeting about it." This applied 
to Salem. See 1 Felt's Annals of Salem, p. 427, et seq. 

S3 This was ordered May 12th. 1041. 

^"Francis G. Gray, Esq., in a learned paper on the Early Laws of Massa- 
chusetts, published in 1843, says: '"The Body of Liberties really established by 
them e.xhibitj throughout the hand of the practised lawyer, familiar with the prin- 
ciples and securities of English liberty ; and altliough it retains some strong traces 
of the times, is in the main far in ailvance of tliem, and in several respects in ad- 
vance of the common law of England at this day. It shows that our ancestors, 
instead of deducing all their laws from the Books of Moses, establii-hed at tlie out- 
set a code of fundamental principles, wliitili, talicn as a wli'de, for wisdom, equity, 
adaptation to tlie wants of tlieir comniunity. and a liberality of sentiment superior 
to the age in wliich it was written, may fearlessly cliallenge a comparison witli any 
similar production, from Magna Charta itself to the latest Bill of Riglits, that has 
been put forth in Europe or America." 8 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., pp. 191, li)9, 218. 
See also 2 Mass. Col. Uec, 213. " The men of Massachusetts did much quote Lord 
Cuke." 2 Bancroft's Hist. U. S., p. 430. 

I'J 



178 

Throughout this period of thirty j'ears it h:icl been the 
constant aim of her rulers to keep Massachusetts free and 
untrammelled. This governed and controlled all her re- 
lations to the mother country during that time. The 
removal of the government with the Charter was probably 
prompted and executed that such a purpose might be 
carried out. When in 1G35 a movement was made to 
deprive them of their Charter, hopeful of assistance doubt- 
less from their brothers in England, then nearly ready for 
open conflict with Charles, they erected fortifications in 
Boston harbor, appointed a military commission with ex- 
traordinary powers ; and to secure a supply of musket 
balls, they were made a legal tender, at a farthing apiece, 
instead of coin, the circulation of which was prohibited. 
And this was in substance their reply to the demand for 
their Charter. In 1647 they resisted successfully the 
riirht of Parliament to reverse the decision and control 
the aovernment of Massachusetts. And under the Com- 
monwealth of England they kept this purpose steadily in 
view ; they successfully remonstrated against the attempt 
to impose upon them a new Charter, and to place gover- 
nors and commissioners in all English colonies in Amer- 
ica ; they did not yield to the plan of Cromwell to trans- 
fer them to Ireland to be a defence against Catholicism ; 
and would not consent to waste their strength by trans- 
planting their people to Jamaica.^^ 

They did not compromise their independence, and 
yielded no more to the Parliament and the Protector than 
they had to the King. They expressed no formal a[)- 
proval of the execution of King Charles, or of the eleva- 
tion of Cromwell or his sou. They did nothing to impair 



<i Petition to Parliament in l(i51; Letter of Endieott to Cromwell in the same 
year; 1 Hutcliinson's lUst. of Mass., 418, 450; 2 Palfrey's Hist. N. E., 300. 



179 

or imperil the safety of New England. To her, the child 
of their suffering, they had transferred their allegiance. 

But their hopes of independence were not to be real- 
ized. With the Kestoration came a new order of things. 
The American colonies had prospered, they became ob- 
jects of interest and worthy the attention of the CroAvn, 
and there were those who coveted their places of honor 
or emohmient. There was not the same intense spirit 
prevailing among the people, and religion was no longer 
the vital question that it had been. There was no Puri- 
tan party in England like that which before the Great 
Rebellion had given aid and comfort to their brothers in 
New England ; a generation had passed away ; the Puri- 
tans of Cromwell were scattered and broken ; some had 
perished on the field or the scaffold, others were in exile 
or in prison. 

Soon after the Restoration, the struggle began in Mas- 
sachusetts to save the Charter and the government ; it 
dragged along with var}'ing fortune through twenty weary 
years, and the final judgment was entered and the Char- 
ter annulled in 1684. Then came the brief rule of Dud- 
leys the tyranny of Andros, the Revolution of 1688, the 
temporary government of Bradstreet, and the Province 
Charter of 1692 under which Massachusetts lived till our 
own Revolution. 

It would have been a sad experience to the Puritan 
leaders of 1628 and 1630 to have witnessed these events. 
Happily, Endicott and Winthrop and Dudley were spared 
the spectacle. To them it would have seemed as if tlieir 
children were descending into the house of bondage. 
But in the Providence which rules the affairs of men 
and states, it was but a stage of discipline and growth, 
whereby the consecrated democracy and godly magistracy 
of the Puritan Colony finally bloomed into the full and 
rounded beauty of the republican Commonwealth. 



180 

The Province Charter and its royal governor did not 
desti'oy what the Puritan had done. Child of the century 
that preceded him, trained and educated for his great 
work, he had buildcd wisely and well. The town govern- 
ment and the town meeting which he had created proved 
indestructible, and the school-house, though built of logs, 
more enduring than castle or cathedral. All that was 
best in his principles of conduct and methods of govern- 
ment had passed into the life, the thought, the social 
habits of the people, and was stamped on the character 
of his posterity; from father to son, through successive 
generations, were transmitted a love of liberty, an obedi- 
ence to law, a desire for knowledge, a reverence for 
the teacher and the teachings of religion, a faculty for 
miderstandiiig and dealing with public interests, a Avise 
economy and thrift, a deep seated belief that the general 
welfare was more desirable than private good or gain, and 
with all these a fervent love for the hills and vallcj's of 
New England. 

And so may it be to the end ; and may your descen- 
dants who meet here, as fifty or a hundred years go 
round, to commemorate the landing at Salem, be true 
and faithful to the memory of their fathers, and stand for 
the liberty and truth which the Puritan taught, with the 
hazard not only of their goods, but of their lives, if need 
be. 



APPENDIX. 



i 



JVbies on the Remarks of Henry Wlieatland, George B. 
Loring, and Benjamin II. Silsbee. 

The persons named in these notes, with six exceptions, were mem- 
bers of the Essex Historical Society in September, 1828, wlien the two 
hundredth anniversary of the landing of Gov. John Endicott at Salem 
was duly commemorated. These persons were prominent citizens of 
Salem and its vicinity during the first third of the present century, 
and may be considered i-epresentative men of that period, a period 
when party and sectarian lines wei'e very closely drawn ; and when 
from the press were issued, either in the journals of the day or in a 
separate form, numerous political and controversial communications 
by some of our most learned scholars and theologians; though differ- 
ing widely in their opinion on these and kindred subjects, they all 
united in measures for the promotion of history, literature, the arts 
and the sciences, and laid the foundations "of several of the institu- 
tions that now exist, in this city, in furtherance of these objects, 
though modified in some of their features to conform to the spirit of 
the times. 

1. 

Joseph Story, son of Dr. Elisha and Mehitable (Pedrick) Story; 
b. in Marblehead, 18 Sept., 1779; gr. Harv. college, 1798; m. 9 Dec, 
1804, Mary Lynde, daughter of Rev. Thomas F. and Sarah (Pynchon) 
Oliver; she died 22 June, 1805; m. 2dly Sarah Waldo, daughter of 
Hon. William Wetraore. He studied law with Samuel Sewall and 
afterwards with Samuel Putnam, and commenced the practice at 
Salem in 1801. He soon became a lawyer of distinction ; speaker of 
the Mass. House of Representatives; Rep. U. S. Congress, 1808-9; 
from 1811 until his death Judge of the U. S. Supreme Court, a posi- 
tion in which he won great distinction as a judge and a jurist. In 
1830 he removed to Cambridge, having received the appointment of 
the Dane Professor of Law at Harvard University. He possessed 
great colloquial powers, and in early life was distinguished for his 
poetical contributions ; his juridical works were numerous and evinced 

(183) 



I 



184 

great learning and profound views of the science of law. lie died 10 
Sept., iy45. See memoir by his sou, W. W. Stoiy. 

2. 

Edward Augustus Holyoke, son of Eev. Edward and Margaret 
(Appletou) Holyoke, b. 1 Aug., 1728; gr. Harv. Coll., 1746; com- 
menccd the practice of medicine in Salem in 1749 ; m. 1 June, 1755, 
Judith, daughter of Benjamin and Love (Rawlins) Pickman; she died 
19 Nov., 1756; m. 2dly 22 Nov., 1759, Mary, daughter of Nath'l Vial, 
of Boston (b. 19 Dec., 1737; d. 15 April, 1802). He died 31 March, 
1829. See Discourse at the interment by Rev. J. Brazer; Memoir by 
Dr. A. L. Peirson; Genealogy of the Holyoke Family, by Andrew 
Nichols, E. I. Hist. Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 57; Notice in E. I. Hist. Coll., 
Vol. IV, p. 273. 



Joseph Gilbert Waters, son of Capt. Joseph and Mary (Dean) 
Waters of Salem, where he was born 5 July, 1796, and a descendant 
in the sixth generation from Lawrence Waters, one of the first settlers 
of Watertown. He graduated at Harvard College in 181G and studied 
law with John Pickering of Salem. In the autumn of 1818 he went 
to Mississippi and resided there some two or three years in the prac- 
tice of his profession. Owing to ill health he returned to Salem, and 
opened an office, where he resided during the remainder of his life. 
He was editor of the "Salem Observer" for several years from its 
commencement, in 1823. He was appointed special Justice of the 
Salem Police Court Sept. 1, 1831, and standing Justice Feb. 23, 1842, 
and continued to discharge the duties of this latter office until the 
establishment of the 1st District Court in 1874. In 1835 he was a 
member of the Mass. Senate. He also held oilier offices of honor and 
trust. Married 8 Dec, 1825, Eliza Greenleaf Towuseud, daughter of 
Capt. Peuu Towusend. He died 12 July, 1878. 



Timothy Pickering, son of Timothy and Mary (Wingate) Picker- 
ing, was born at Salem 6 July, 1745, gr. Harv. Coll. 1763, m. 8 April, 
1776, Rebecca White (daughter of Benjamin White of Boston, Mass., 
and Elizabeth Miller, of Bristol, Eng.), b. at Bristol, 18 July, 1754, d. 
at Salem, 14 Aug., 1828. He was descended in the fifth generation 
from John Pickering', who settled in Salem about 1633, through 
John^, John^, Timothy^. He was admitted to the bar in 1768, was ou 
the committee of correspondence and was a colonel of militia at the 



185 

opening of the war; joined Wasliington with his regiment in the fall 
of 177G, and was adjutant general of the army and afterwards quarter 
master general. After the war he settled in Philadelphia. He was a 
delegate to the Pennsylvania Convention for considering the U. S. 
Constitution, was in the cabinet of Washington and Adams, Post- 
master General 1791-1795, U. S. Sec. of War, 1795, U. S. Sec. of 
State, 1795 to 1800. In 1801 he returned to Massachusetts. U. S. 
Senator from 1803 to 1811, and from 1814 to 1817 Representative in U. 
S. Congress. In his retirement he enjoyed the respect and esteem of 
his contemporaries and devoted himself to rural pursuits. He was 
the originator and first president of Essex Agricultural Society and 
delivered before that society several addresses. He died at Salem 29 
Jan., 1829. See Discourse on his death by C. W. Uphara; also Life 
and Letters by his sou Octavius and C. W. Upham. 



Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, son of George and Mary 
(Derby) Crowninshield, b. at Salem 27 Dec, 1772; descended from 
Dr. John Casper Richter von Croneushilt, a German physician, who 
came from Leipsic to Boston about 1688 and died there in 1711; ra. 
Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Cliflbrd) Allen of Salem; 
owned lands near Lynn Mineral Spring Pond. Two of his sons, John 
and Cliflbrd, came to Salem and were successful and enterprising mer- 
chants ; John married Austiss, daugliter of John and Sarah (Manning) 
Williams, the father of George above named. 

Mr. Crowninshield, like his ancestors, was largely engaged in com- 
mercial enterprises in connection with his father and brothers under 
the name of Geoi'ge Crowninshield & Sons ; his brother, George Crown- 
inshield, the owner of the famous pleasure yacht, the "Cleopatra's 
Barge," made an excursion to the ports in the Mediterranean, re- 
turning in October, 1817. He built the large brick house on Derby 
street, between Curtis and Orange streets, now occupied as the Old 
Women's Home. He was a member of the Mass. State Senate for 
several years; U. S. Sec. of Navy from Dec, 1814, to Nov., 1818; 
Rep. U. S. Congress 1823 to 1831 ; one of the first directors of the 
Merchant's Bank, Salem, incorporated June 26, 1811 ; m. Mary Board- 
man, daughter of Francis and Mary (Hodges) Boardman, 1 Jan., 1804. 
He removed to Boston in 1832 and died there Feb. 8, 1851. 

6. SENATORS IN" CONGBESS. 

Temothy Pickering, see ante. 

Nathaniel Silsbee, son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Becket) Silsbee, 
b. at Salem 14 Jan., 1773; descended from Henry Silsbee, of Salem, 



186 

1639, Ipswich, 1G47, Lynn, 1658, d. 1700, through Nathaniel^, NathanieP, 
William'', Nathaniel*. He pursued his studies with Rev. Dr. Cutler 
of Hamilton; d. U July, 1850; m. 12 Dec, 1802, Mary, daughter of 
George and Mary (Derby) Crowninshield, b. 24 Sept., 1778; d. 20 
Sept., 1835. In early life a shipmaster and supercargo, afterwards a 
successful and eminent merchant. A Rep. and Senator Mass. Legis., 
for three years President of the latter body; Representative U. S. 
Cong. 1817-21; Senator U. S. Cong. 1826-35. See Sermon on the 
death of Nathaniel Silsbee, by James Fliut. 

RuFUS CiiOATE, son of David and Miriam (Foster) Choate, b. at 
Ipswich (now Essex) 1 Oct., 1799; d. at Halifax, N. S., 13 July, 1859; 
gr. Dart. Coll., 1819; m. 29 Mar., 1825, Helen, daughter of lion. Mills 
Olcutt of Hanover, N. H. ; Tutor at Dartmouth 1819-20; read law at 
Harv. Univ. Law School, also with David Cummins of Salem and with 
U. S. Att'y Gen. William Wirt; he commenced practice in Danvers; a 
considerable portion of the period before his removal to Boston in 
1834 was passed in Salem ; a member of Mass. House and Senate ; 
Rep. U. S. Cong. 1832-4; Senator U. S. Cong. 1841-5; a man of splen- 
did and brilliant talents, who early distinguished himself as an advo- 
cate at the bar and an eloquent speaker in the Halls of Congress, on 
the lecture platform, and on other occasions. 



7. REPRESENTATIVES LN" CONGRESS. 

Joseph Story, see ante. 

Benjamin Pickman, son of Benjamin and Mary (Toppan) Pickman, 
b. at Salem 30 Sept., 1763; descended from Nathaniel Pickman, who 
came from Bristol, England, with his family, in 1661 and settled in 
Salem, through Benjamin'^ (b. in Bristol, 1645, m. Elizabeth Hardy, d. 
Dec, 1708), Capt. Benjamin', Col. Benjamin*, and Col. Benjamin*; 
pursued his preparatory studies at Dummer Academy, then under the 
charge of the celebrated "Master Moody;" gr. Harv. Coll. 1784; m. 
20 Oct., 1789, Anstiss, youngest daughter of Ellas Hasket and Elisa- 
beth (Crowninshield) Derby (b. 6 Oct., 1769; d. 1 June, 1836); stu- 
died law with Theophilus Parsons (Harv. Coll., 1769) then residing 
in Newburyport, and afterwards Chief Justice of Mass. Sup. Court; 
admitted to the bar; soon relinquished the practice of the profession 
and engaged in commercial pursuits, in which he continued during the 
greater part of his life ; a Rep. and Senator of Mass. Legislature ; 
member of Mass. Constitutional Convention, 1820; member of the 
Executive Council of Mass; Rep. U. S. Cong. 1809-11; he was Presi- 
dent of the Directors of the Theological School at Cambridge, and 
also President of the principal literary and historical and other iusti- 



187 

tutions of Salem and vicinity; died at Salem 16 Aug., 1843. See Dis- 
course on his death, by Ilev. John Brazer. 

William Reed, son of Benjamin Tyler and Mary Appleton (Dodge) 
Eeed, bapt. 9 June, 1776; m. 13 Nov., 1800, Hannah, daughter of Rob- 
ert and Mary (Ingalls) Hooper of Marblehead (b. Aug., 1778; d. 16 
May, 1855) ; the first ancestor was William, son of Richard Reed of 
Whittlesey in the county of Kent, who came to America about 1030, 
settled first at Weymouth, then removed to Boston ; SamueP, SamueP 
of Marblehead, Samuel*, SamueP, Benjamin Tyler^, above named; an 
eminent merchant in Marblehead, and highly esteemed for his benevo- 
lent and religious character; Rep. U. S. Cong. 1811-15; President of 
Sabbath School Union of Mass., of Am. Tract Society; an officer and 
member of many other educational and religious organizations. He 
was so deeply interested in the cause of temperance that he was styled 
the "Apostle of Temperance." He died suddenly, 18 Feb., 1837. His 
widow, who survived several years, was always engaged in works of 
charity, and was regarded as a most accomplished lady and eminent 
Christian. 

Daniel Appleton White, son of John and Elizabeth (Haynes) 
White, b. at Methuen, 7 June, 1776; gr. Harv. Coll., 1797; Tutor in 
Harvard; studied law with Samuel Putnam, at Salem, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar 20 June, 1804; commenced practice in Newburyport; 
24 May, 1807, m. Mrs. Mary Van Schalkwyck, daughter of Dr. Josiah 
Wilder of Lancaster, Mass.; senator Mass. Legis., 1810-15; elected 
Rep, U. S. Congress in Nov., 1814; before he took his seat, he ac- 
cepted the appointment to the office of Judge of Probate for the 
county of Essex, and resigned his commission of representative in 
the spring of 1815. Jan. 3, 1817, he removed to Salem, where he 
passed the remainder of his life ; continuing to fill the office of Judge 
of Probate, with uncommon ability, until he resigned the situation in 
the summer of 1853. His vast literary resources were always at the 
command of his friends and the public, and he was always a patron 
of every good enterprise which tendered to foster the highest inter- 
ests of the community ; one of the founders of the Divinity School 
at Cambridge ; an overseer of Harv. Coll. from 1842 to 1853 ; founder 
of the Lyceum at Salem, President of Salem Athenaeum and also of 
the Essex Institute, etc. 

His wife died 29 June, 1811; m. 2d, 1 Aug., 1819, Mrs. Eliza Wet- 
more, daughter of William and Abigail (Ropes) Orne of Salem ; she 
died 27 Mar., 1821; and he m. 3d, 22 Jan., 1824, Mrs. Ruth Rogers, 
daughter of Joseph Hurd, of Charlestown ; she survived him. He 
died in Salem 30 Mai'., 1801, aged 84 years. See memoir by G. W. 



188 

Brijrgs iu Hist. Coll. Essex Inst., Vol. VI, p. 1; Memoir by Rev. Dr. 
Walker in Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. ; also a notice iu E. I. 
Hist. Coll., Vol. IV, p. 104. 

Timothy Pickering, see ante. Nathaniel Silsbee, see ante. 

GiDKON Baustow, son of Gideon and Anna (Mead) Barstow, b. at 
Mattapoiset, 7 Sept., 1783; d. in St. Augustine, Fla., whei'e he had 
gone for the benefit of his health, 2G Mar., 1852; rn. Nancy, daughter 
of Simon and Kachel (Hathorne) Forrester, who is now residing la 
Boston. He descended in the sixth generation from William Barstow, 
who, at the age of twenty-three, embarked for New England with his 
brother George in the "True Love," Jolin Gibbs, master, probably 
from the AVest Riding in Yorkshire ; he was in Dedhara in 1030, a free- 
man iu Scituate in 1649, and the first settler in the present territory of 
Hanover; a noted man of his day and a great land-holder; d. in 1668, 
aged 56; through William'^, Benjamin^, Gideon'', Gideon'. Three or 
four of the later generations lived in Mattapoiset and were hu'gely 
engaged iu ship building. He fix'st settled in Salem as a practising 
physician, where he was considered skilful in his professiou and atten- 
tive to its duties ; afterwards a merchant engaged in foreign com- 
merce ; a member of both branches of Mass. Legis. ; a representative 
in U. S. Congress, 1821-3. 

Benjamin W. Crowninshield, see ante. Rufus Choate, see ante. 

Gayton Pickman Osgood, son of Isaac and Rebecca T. (Pickman) 
Osgood; b. iu Salem, 4 July, 1797; removed with his parents in early 
life to Audover, which was afterwards his place of abode; gr. Harv. 
Coll., 1815; studied law with Benjamin Merrill of Salem, where he 
began the practice of the profession; soon after returned to North 
Audover. He lived a retired life, and his range of study and reading 
was very extensive. Several times elected a Rep. Mass. Legis. ; Rep. 
U. S. Cong, one term, 1833-35; m. 24 Mar., 1859, Mary Faruham of 
North Audover. He died 26 June, 1861, aged 64 years. 

Stephen Clarendon Phillips, only child of Stephen and Dorcas 
(Woodbridge) Phillips; b. at Salem 4 Nov., 1801; gr. Harv. Coll., 
1819; a descendant from Rev. George Phillips, first minister of Water- 
town, who came over in the "Arbella," with Gov. Wiuthrop, Sir R. 
Saltonstall and others (d. 1 July, 1644, aged about 51), through Jona- 
than-, Jonatlian-', Stephen,* and Stephen*. After leaving college he 
commenced the study of the law, but soon relinquished it and entered 
upon mercantile business, and was for many years an eminent and 
successful merchant. Member of both branches of Mass. Legislature ; 
iu 1834 elected a Rep. U. S. Cong. ; resigned in 1838 ; mayor of Salem 



189 

from 1838 to 1842; a Presidential Elector in 1840; Member of Mass. 
State Bd. of Education, 1843-52; Trustee of Mass. State Lunatic Hos- 
pital, 1844 to 1850; president of several local organizations. In 1848 
he left the Whig party and engaged actively in the Free Soil move- 
ment, and was the candidate of that party for Governor. He had a 
soul for great enterprises and was a liberal and public spirited mem- 
ber of society. He m. 1st, 7 Nov., 1822, Jane Appletou, daughter of 
Willard and Margaret (Appleton) Peele; she d. 19 Dec, 1837, and he 
m. 2dly, 3 Sept., 1838, Margaret M., sister of his first wife. He was 
lost by the burning of the steamboat "Montreal" on the passage from 
Quebec to Montreal, 2G June, 1857. 

Leverett Saltoxstall, sou of Nathaniel and Anna (White) Salton- 
stall; b. at Haverhill, Mass., 13 June, 1783; gr. Harv. Coll., 1802; m. 
7 Mar., 1811, Mary Elisabeth, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth 
(Elkins) Sanders (who d. 11 Jan., 1858, aged 70 years) ; d. 8 May, 1845; 
a descendant of Sir Richard Saltonstall, an associate of Mass. Bay 
Company, 1st assistant, commenced the first settlement of Watertowa 
in 1C30, through Richard-, NathanieP, Richard^ Richard*, and Nathan- 
iel^. He commenced the practice of law in 1805 at Salem and soon 
became eminent in the profession and acquired a large and profitable 
business. Rep. Mass. Legis. ; Pres. Mass. Senate; Rep. U. S. Cong., 
1838-1843; first Mayor of Salem; President of Essex Agricultural 
Society, Vice President of Essex Historical Society, and was associ- 
ated with other institutions having for their objects the advancement 
of the best interests of society. He was respected and beloved by 
the whole community and often placed in oftices of honor and trust 
by his fellow citizens. See Discourse on his life and character by Rev. 
John Brazer. 

Daniel Putnam King, son of Daniel and Phebe (Upton) King, was 
born in Danvers (now Peabody) 8 Jan., 1801; gr. Harv. Coll. 1823; 
probably a descendant of William King, who sailed from Loudon to 
Salem in the "Abigail," July 1, 1G35, a freeman in 1G3G, d. about 1G51 ; 
through Samuel-, who removed to Southold, L. I., SamueP, Zacha- 
riahS Zachariah*, Daniel^. He m. 5 Feb., 1824, Sarah P., only child of 
Hezekiah and Sally (Putnam) Flint. He then commenced the cultiva- 
tion of the farm that for centuries had belonged to his wife's ftiraily 
and devoted himself to agriculture. He had been speaker of the 
Mass. House of Rep. and President of Mass. Senate ; Rep. U. S. Cong, 
from 1843 to his death, which occurred 25 July, 1850. He had been 
for several years, successively Secretary, Trustee and Vice President 
of the Essex AgricuUural Society and was also interested in several 
of the county and local organizations. He had delivered several oc- 
casional discourses that have been printed. His devotion as a public 



190 

servant, liis integrity as a private citizen, and tlie liigli moral and relig- 
ious character wliich he sustained in all the relations of life had en- 
deared him not only to his immediate constituents, but to the whole 
people of Massachusetts. 

IIicNiiY James Duncan was of Scotch Irish descent; his gr. grand- 
father, George Duncan, was one of the Colony that came from Lon- 
donderry, Ireland, and settled in Londonderry, N. H., in 1719; he 
was a man of education, a justice of the peace, and an elder in the 
church; James-, the youngest child, removed to Haverliill and died 
there in 1838, aged 92 ; and James^, who m. llebecca White, and died 
5 Jan., 1822, aged 62, was the father of the subject of this notice. 
Born at Haverhill, 5 Dec, 1793; gr. Harv. Coll. 1812; studied law, first 
in the oflice of Hon. John Varnum of Haverhill, afterwards with his 
cousin, L. Saltonstall of Salem; admitted to the Essex Bar in 1815; 
entered upon practice at Haverhill; passed through the various grades 
of militia service to tlie rank of colonel ; was a Trustee and President 
of Essex Agricultural Society; member of both branches of Mass. 
Legislature and also of the Council; in 1S38 one of the Commissioners 
of Insolvency; in 1841 one of the Commissioners of U. S. Bankrupt 
Law; Hep. U. S. Congress 1849 to 18.>3. He took a leading interest iu 
the municipal affairs of his native town, and also in the benevolent 
institutions of the Baptist denomination and was frequently elected 
the presiding officer of their meetings and conventions. He married, 
28 June, 1826, Mary, daugliter of Benjamin Willis, Esq., of Boston. 
He died at his residence iu Haverhill, 8 Feb., 1809. 

CiiAULES Wentworth Upham, son of Hon. Joshua and Mary Chand- 
ler Upham, formerly of Massachusetts, and a graduate of Harvard iu 
the class of 1703; b. at St. Johns, N. B., 4 May, 1802; gr. Harv. Coll., 
1821, and of the Theol. School, Cambridge, 1824; ord. 8 Dec, 1824, 
colleague with Rev. Dr. Prince of the First Church, Salem; resigned 
his pastoral office in Dec, 1844; was soon called into public life; IJep. 
and Senator in Mass. Legis. and Presitlent of the latter body; Hep. U. 
S. Cong., 1853-5; Mayor of the city of Salem; author of Letters on 
the Logos, 1828, Lectures on Witchcraft, 1831, Salem Witchcraft, 
iu 2 vols., 8vo, 1867, Life of T. Pickering and other works, and several 
orations and pamphlets; m. 29 Mar., 1826, Ann Susan, daughter of 
Rev. Dr. Abiel Holmes, of Cambridge, who died, Thursday, Apr. 5, 
1877, aged 72 yrs., 10 mos. and 20 days. He died 15 June, 1875, two 
days preceding the general and enthusiastic celebration of the Battle 
of Bunker Hill. See Memoir by G. E. Ellis, sermon by J. T. Hewes. 

8. 
Joseph Stoiiy, Justice of U. S. Sup. Judic Court. See ante. 



191 

9. 

Samuel Putnam, son of Gideon and Hannah Putnam ; b. in Danvers 
13 April, 17G8; studied in the Academy at Andover; gr. Harv. Coll. 
1787; went to Newburyport and studied law with Hon. Theophilus 
Bradbury, a sound and learned lawyer; established himself in the 
practice of the profession, soon very extensive, at Salem. He took 
a decided and ardent part in the political questions of the time and 
adhered with great conservative firmness and inflexibility to his prin- 
ciples. In 1814, upon the death of Judge Sewall, he was appointed, 
by Gov. Strong, Justice of the Mass. Supreme Court, and continued 
to perform the duties until his retirement in 1842, a period of twenty- 
eight years. In 1825 he received from Harvard the degree of LL.D. 
He had repeatedly represented, in both branches of the Legislature, 
his section of the State. He m. 28 Oct., 1795, Sarah, daugliter of 
John and Lois (Pickering) Gooll (b. 28 Nov., 1772, at Salem; d. at 
Boston, 22 Nov., 1864). The family removed from Salem to Boston 
about 1833. He died at Somerville, 3 July, 1853. 

A descendant of John Putnam, through Nathaniel-, Benjamin', 
Nathaniel'', and Gideon^, who came from Buckinghamshire in Eng- 
land and settled in Salem in 1634 ; his wife's name was Priscilla, by 
whom he had three sons, Thomas, Nathaniel, and John. About the 
year 1640, they took up several tracts of land in Salem Village (now 
Dauvers) where they lived and died, tillers of the soil. John, Sen., 
and John, Jr., owned the farms now or recently owned by James B. 
Putnam and William A. Lander. Thomas's patrimony was the farms 
now or recently owned by Daniel and Jesse Putnam, and the house 
now occupied by some of the family of Daniel Putnam is the house in 
which Gen. Israel Putnam was born. Nathaniel Putnam's place was 
the farm until recently owned by Hon. Samuel Putnam. These lands 
have been owned and occupied by one or more of the respective de- 
scendants of these original settlers. 

10. 
Daniel Appleton White, Judge of Probate for Essex. See ante. 

11. LAWYERS. 

Nathan Dane, son of Daniel and Abigail (Burnham) Dane, of 
Ipswich, b. in Ipswich 29 Dec, 1752; gr. Harv. Coll., 1778. After 
leaving college he taught school in Beverly, at the same time pursuing 
his legal studies with William Wetmore, Esq., of Salem. In 1782 he 
commenced the practice in Salem, but soon removed to Beverly and 
came into a lucrative and extensive business ; a delegate from Mass. 



192 

to the Continental Congress, 1785-88; framer of the celebrated ordi- 
nance of 1787; author of the Abridgment and Digest of American 
Law; established a professorship of law in Ilarv. Univ. ; d. at Beverly, 
Feb, 15, 1835; his wife Polly d. U Apr., 1840, aged 90. See N. E. 
Hist. Gen. Keg., VIII, IIH, for "A Pedigree of Dane; Quincy's Hist, 
of Ilarv. Univ., II, 375; Stone's History of Beverly, 135; E. I. Hist. 
Coll., IV, 279. 

Samuel Putnam, see ante. Daniel Appleton White, see ante. 

IciiABon Tucker, son of Benjamin and Martha (Davis) Tuclver, b. 
at Leicester, Mass., April 17, 1705; gr. Ilarv. Coll. 1791; m. Sept. 16, 
1798, Maria, daughter of Dr. Joseph and Mary (Leavitt) Orne (b. Nov. 
13, 1775; d. Dec. 14, 1806); m. 2dly, Oct. 13, 1811, Esther Orne, 
widow of Joseph Cabot and daughter of Dr. William and Lois (Orne) 
Paine of Salem and Worcester (b. Aug. 29, 1774, d. Jan. 29, 1854). 
He commenced the practice of law in Haverhill, and afterwards re- 
moved to Salem; clerk of the courts for Essex upwards of tliirty 
years; d. at Salem, Oct. 22, 1846. 

He was President of tlie Essex Historical Society and also of the 
Salem Atlienieum, and was always interested in Historical and Liter- 
ary Institutions; a member of Mass. Hist. Society, Am. Antiq. Soci- 
ety, etc. See E. I. Hist. Coll., IV, 280. 

John Pickering, son of Timothy and Rebecca (White) Pickering, 
b. at Salem 7 Feb., 1777; gr. Ilarv. Coll., 179G; m. Sarah, daughter of 
Isaac and Sarah (Leavitt) White (d. at Salem, aged 09, 14 Dec, 1846). 
He began the study of the law in Philadelphia, with Mr. Tilghman, 
afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn. After spend- 
ing several years at Lisbon and London connected with the U. S. 
Legation in those cities, he returned to Salem and resumed the study 
under the direction of Hon. Samuel Putnam. He commenced the 
practice of the profession in Salem, and in 1829 he removed to Boston 
and was soon appointed City Solicitor. He was widely known for liis 
writings on philological subjects, and as a lawyer he ranked high in 
the consideration of the connnunity. He was president of the Amer- 
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the American Phil- 
osophical Society and various other literary and learned societies, both 
at liome and abroad. He died at his residence in Boston, 5 May, 1846. 
See Memoir by W. H. Prescott, Mass. Hist. Coll., 3d Ser., X, 204; 
White's Eulogy before Am. Acad. Sci., on Oct. 26, 1846. 

Joseph Story, see ante. Leverett Saltonstall, see ante. 

Benjamin Merrill, b, at Conway, N. H., 13 March, 1784. His 
father, Thomas Merrill, was a son of John and Lydia (Ilayues) Mer- 



193 

rill, of Haverhill, was one of the first settlers of Conway, and died in 
1788, aged 66. His mother, a descendant of George Abbot, one of the 
early settlers in Andover, was Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and 
Abigail (Abbot) Abbot of Andover (b. 8 Nov., 1738, d. 12 Oct., 1787). 
He was prepared for college at Phillips (Exeter) Academy, under 
that eminent instructor, the venerable Dr. Benjamin Abbot, and was 
well grounded in classical learning; gr. Harv. Coll. in 1804, and studied 
law successively with William Stedraan, of Lancaster, and Francis D. 
Dana, of Boston. He first opened his oflice in Marlboro', but within a 
year removed to Lynn, and not long after established himself in 
Salem, where he passed the residue of his life. For four or five years 
he was connected in professional business with the Hon. Samuel Put- 
nam, until the latter was raised to the bench of the Supreme Judicial 
Court. He attained a high standing in his profession, though making 
no pretensions to forensic eloquence and avoiding all public display. 
His sound judgment, legal ability, sagacity, and learning iuspii-ed 
universal confidence and gained for him an ample professional income 
and an undying good name. He freely imparted his extensive learn- 
ing and various knowledge to all, whether upon consultation, in casual 
conversation, or in the journals of the day. The pages of the Salem 
Gazette contain many portraits from his pen of worthy and excellent 
characters. He died at Salem, 30 July, 1847, unmarried. See Salem 
Gazette, Aug. 3, 1847. 

Joseph E. Sprague, eldest son of William and Sarah (Sprague) 
Stearns, b. at Salem 9 Sept., 1782; gr. Harv. Coll., 1804; soon after 
graduation he took the name of Sprague, to which family his mother 
belonged. A member of the Essex Bar; Postmaster of Salem from 
1815 to 1829; in September, 1830, was appointed high sherifl' of Es- 
sex, and remained in office until his commission expired, about nine 
months before his death, which took place 22 Feb., 1852. He had 
been Rep. and Scnat. Mass. Legis. and had held other offices of trust 
and honor. He ra. 1st Elizabeth, 2d Sarah L., daughters of Hon. 
Bailey Bartlett of Haverhill. 

Mr. Sprague and Mr. Benjamin Merrill were classmates, and though 
sometimes opposed in politics, were united, not only by their academi- 
cal career, but by many circumstances of their times. They not only 
took a deep intei'est in public affairs, but labored with disinterested 
zeal and constancy to enlighten the people, through the local press. 
For more than forty years the columns of the Salem Register have 
been enriched by articles from the pen of Mr. Sprague, which have 
often attracted notice throughout the Union. The same service with 
equal effect during the same period was rendered by the pen of Mr. 
Merrill to the Salem Gazette. The names of J. E. Sprague and B. ' 
13 ■ 



194 

Merrill arc idciitifled with these two journals and will long be held in 
grateful remembrance. See Salem Register, Thursday, Feb. 26, 1852. 

John Glen King, second son of James and Judith (Norris) King, 
b. in Salem 19 Mar., 1787 ; member of the class that graduated at Harv. 
Coll. in 1807 ; a descendant of William King, who sailed from London 
to Salem in the "Abigail," 1 July, 1635, a freeman in 1636, d. about 
1651 ; through John^, SamueP, John"*, James^ ; studied law with Hon. 
"Wm. Prescott and Hon. Judge Story ; began the practice in Salem, 
where he continued during the remainder of his life. He attained an 
eminent rank as a wise and learned counsellor, and was considered 
one of the leading members of tlie Essex bar. He loved the quiet of 
the study more than the contests of the forum, and had not been 
known as a pleader. Eep. and Senator in Mass. Legislature ; the first 
President of the Common Council of Salem ; for many years a Com- 
missioner of Insolvency, and held that office at the time of his death. 
He was one of the founders of the Essex Historical Society, and from 
1822 until his decease was elected successively a trustee, correspond- 
ing secretary, or vice president of that society and after the union a 
vice president of the Essex Institute; for twenty-three years of that 
time he performed very acceptably the duties of correspondhig secre- 
tary of the first named society. 

He was a ripe scholar and enjoyed the pursuits of literature, espe- 
cially the ancient classics. His love of books amounted almost to a 
passion, and his choice and well selected library was his solace 
through many a year of sufl'ering. He married, 10 Nov., 1815, Susan 
H., daughter of Major Frederick and A. H. Gilman, of Gloucester. 
He died 26 July, 1857. 

David Cummins, son of David and Mehitable (Cave) Cummins, b. 
at Topsfleld 1-4 Aug., 1785; gr. Dart. 1806; read law with Hon. S. Put- 
nam ; began the practice in Salem in 1809 ; removed after many years 
to Springfield, thence to Dorchester, where he died, 30 Mar., 1855; 
Judge of Muss. C. C. P. from 1828 to his death; m. 1st, 13 Aug., 1812, 
Sally, daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Peabody) Porter of Topsfield 
(b. Apr. 1, 1786; d. Feb., 1814) ; 2nd, Aug., 1815, Catherine, daughter 
of Hon. Thomas Kittredge of Andover, who died July, 1824, aged 34; 
3d, Maria Franklin, sister of his 2d wife, who died 29 Jan., 1873, aged 
80 years. He was a man of strong powers and promiuent at the bar, 
and is well remembered for his ardent natural eloquence at public 
meetings and in addresses to juries. 

BuFUS CiiOATE, see ante. 

FiiEDEiucK Howes, son of Anthony and Bethia Howes, b. at Dennis 
in 1782 ; m. Elizabeth, daughter of AVilliam and Susan Barley of Bev- 



195 

erly; commenced the practice of the law in Salem, residing, however, 
some time in Danvers and representing that town in the Legislature ; 
returned to Salem and was, for several years. President of the Salem 
Marine Insurance Company ; he was for many years an officer of the 
Salem Atheufeum; and a trustee 1824-48, and treasurer, 1831-48, of the 
Esses Historical Society; d. at Salem 12 Nov., 1855. 

John Walsh, b. at Newburyport 23 July, 1794 ; d. at St. Louis, Mo., 
3 Dec, 1845; unmarried. His father, Michael Walsh, was the author 
of the "Mercantile Arithmetic," which for many years in the early 
part of this century was the standard text book on this subject in all 
our schools; he was born near A\"aterford, Tipperary Co., Ireland, in 
1763, and was the son of Thomas and Nancy (Walley) Walsh ; he 
came to this country in 1782 and soon after his arrival formed an ac- 
quaintance with Mr. Joseph Page of Salisbury, who invited him to 
teach the school in that towu ; he continued in that vocation either 
in that place or in Newburyport during the greater part of his life, and 
soon became well known and celebrated as a teacher; some of his 
scholars, as Joseph Story, Caleb Gushing and others, have acquired a 
national reputation ; Harvard College conferred upon him the honor- 
ary degree of A. M. ; he died 20 August, 1840. His mother was 
Hannah, daughter of Joseph Page of Salisbury; she died 18 June, 
1803, aged 38 years. Under the tuition of his father he was prepared 
to enter Harv. Coll., where he graduated in 1814. He studied law and 
was admitted to the Essex Bar. He had an office in Salem and also 
in Danvers, and for three years, 1821-4, had the charge of a private 
school for boys, located on Chestnut and Green streets, Salem. He 
was considered a thorough scholar and was the author of sevei-al re- 
views and biographical sketches. 

Gaytox Pickman Osgood, see ante. Joseph G. Waters, see ante. 

Ebenezer Shillaber, son of Ebenezer and Dorcas (Eudicott) Shil- 
laber, b. at Salem, July 8, 1797; gr. Bowd. Coll., 181G; studied law 
with Hon. L. Saltonstall at Salem. He first opened an office in New- 
buryport; after a few years removed to Salem; Clerk of the Courts of 
Essex County from 1841 to 1851; d. at Biddeford, Me., 8 Nov., 185fi, 
set. 59 yrs., 4 mos. ; unmarried. 

AsAHEL Huntington, sou of Rev. Asahel and Alethea (Lord) Hunt- 
ington, b. at Topsfleld 23 July, 1798; pursued his preparatory studies 
at Phillips (Andover) Academy; gr. Yale Coll. 1819; commenced the 
study of the law in the office of John Scott, Esq., at Newburyport, and 
afterwards removed to Salem and finished his studies in the office of 
Hon. D. Cummins. In March, 1824, he Avas admitted to the Essex 



196 

bar and commenced the practice in Salem, wliere he spent the remain- 
der of his life. He was attorney for the county of Essex and attorney 
for the district of Essex and Middlesex. In 1851 he was appointed 
Clerk of the Courts for the county of Essex, and continued to perform 
the duties of that office till his death, either by appointment or elec- 
tion. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853 ; 
Mayor of Salem 1853; one of the Trustees of Dummer Academy, Di- 
rector and President of the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company ; Presi- 
dent of the Essex Institute 1861-5. He was from first to last a con- 
sistent, unwavering, and judicious friend of the temperance cause, 
and also interested in other movements for the improvement of soci- 
ety. He married, 25 Aug., 1842, in Boston, Mrs. Caroline Louisa 
(Deblois) Tucker. He died 5 September, 1870. See Memoir by O. P. 
Lord, Hist. Coll. Essex Inst., vol. XI, page 81 ; Huntington Family 
Memoir, p. 213. 

Stephen Palfray Webb, son of Capt. Stephen and Mrs. Sarah 
(Putnam) Palfray AVebb, b. at Salem 20 Mar., 1804; gr. Harv. Coll. 
1824 ; pursued his studies with Hon. John Glen King and was admitted 
to the Essex Bar, and practised the profession in Salem. Rep. and 
Senator of Mass. Legis. ; Mayor of Salem 1842-3-4; went to San 
Francisco, Cal., about 1853, and resided there some three or four 
j-ears, and was elected Mayor of that city for the municipal year 
1854-5 ; after his return to Salem he was re-elected Mayor for 1860- 
1-2, and elected City Clerk for 1863-70; m. 26 May, 1834, Hannah 
Hunt Beckford Robinson, daughter of Nathan and Eunice (Beckford) 
Robinson, b. 9 June, 1805, lie resides in Brookliue, Mass. 

12. CLERICAL. 

Rev. John Prince, sou of John and Esther Prince of Boston, b. 22 
July, 1751; gr. Harv. Coll. 1776; studied divinity with Rev. S. Wil- 
liams of Bradford; ord. at Salem 10 Nov., 1779, over the First Church 
and continued his connection until his decease, which occurred 7 June, 
1836; at an early age he communicated to the scientific world his 
improved construction of the air pump, and continued his labors as a 
philosophical mechanician to a very advanced age. He was eminently 
learned in almost every department of natural philosophy and he took 
pleasure in contributing to the diffusion of useful instruction in a 
great variety of ingenious methods. He was also a learned theologian 
and was very conversant with the history of the opinions of the 
church; he received the degree of LL.D. from Brown Univ., and was 
enrolled among the associates of several learned and philosophical 
societies of the country. He m. Mary, daughter of James Bayley 



197 

of Boston, who died 4 Dec, 1806, aged 52; m., 2dly, 27 Nov., 1816, 
Milly, the widow of Jonathan "Waldo, and daughter of John and Phebe 
(Guild) Messinger of Wrenthara, Mass. See Upham's Discourse at 
the funeral, June 9, 1836 ; Uphara's Memoir in Silliraans's Am. Journ. 
Sci., vol. XXXI, p. 201 ; Hist. Coll. Essex Inst., vol. IV, p. 272. 

Rev. Brown Emerson, D.D., son of John and Catherine (Eaton) 
Emerson, b. at Ashby, Mass., 8 Jan., 1778; gr. Dart. Coll., 1802; stu- 
died divinity with Rev. Reed Page of Hancocl^; ordained colleague 
pastor of the South Congregational Church in Salem 20 Apr., 1805, 
and continued in that relation, or that of pastoi*, during a long life, 
universally esteemed ; several of his discourses have been printed j 
his Alma Mater in 1835 conferred upon him the degree of D.D. ; m. 
29 Oct., 1806, Mary, daughter of Rev. Daniel Hopkins, who survived 
until 4 April, 1866, sustaining the happiest married relations for a 
period of nearly sixty years. He died on Tliursday evening, 25 July, 
1872. 

Rev. Lucius Bolles, sixth son of Rev. David and Susanna (Moore) 
Bolles; b. at Ashford, Conn., 25 Sept., 1779; gr. at Brown Univ., 
1801; studied theology with Rev. Dr. Samuel Stillman of Boston; 
ordained pastor of the First Baptist Church, Salem, Mass., 9 Jan., 
1805 ; in June, 1820, he was appointed Corr. Secretary of the American 
Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, but continued to discharge the 
duties of senior pastor in Salem until Aug., 1834. He married, 8 
Sept., 1805, his cousin Lydia, daughter of Deacon John and Lydia 
(Taber) Bolles of Hartford, Conn. (b. 20 Oct., 1784; d. 20 June, 1851). 
He died in Boston, Mass., 5 Jan., 1844. He was the sixth generation 
from Joseph Bolles, the first emigrant who was engaged in trade at 
Winter Harbor, in the year 1640, afterwards removed to Wells, Me., 
where he held the office of town clerk from 1054 to 1604, died at Wells 
in the autumn of 1678 ; through Thomas^ John'', Enoch*, David^ He 
was the highly esteemed pastor of the church in Salem and the senior 
and much respected Secretary of the Board. No man of his denomi- 
nation occupied a more prominent position or exercised an influence 
more strong and universal. 

Rev. John Brazer, D.D., son of Samuel Brazer of Worcester, 
Mass., b. in that place 21 Sept., 1789; gr. Harv. Coll. in 1813; tutor in 
Greek 1815-17, and Prof, of Latin, 1817-20; ordained over the North 
Church in Salem 14 Nov., 1820, and continued the pastor until his 
death, which took place at the plantation of his true friend, Dr. Huger, 
on Cooper River, near Charleston, S. C, 26 Feb. 1846, whither he had 
gone for the benefit of his health. He married 19 April, 1821, Annie 
Warren Sever, daughter of William and Sarah (Warren) Sever of 



198 

Worcester. She died in Salem 30 Jan., 1843, aged 54. He was a fine 
classical scholar, of great attainments, and a writer of great purity of 
style. Many of his occasional discourses have been printed. 

Rev. James Flint, D.D., b. at North Reading, 10 Dec, 1779, son of 
James and Mary (Hart) Flint, gr. Harv. Coll., 1802; spent a few years 
in teaching, then studied divinity with Rev. Joshua Bates of Dedham; 
ord. 29 Oct., 1806, over the First Church and Society in East Bridge- 
water; installed over the East Church in Salem 19 Sept., 1821, and 
continued to be the pastor until the installation of his colleague. Rev. 
Dexter Clapp, 17 Dec, 1851; m. Oct., 1805, Lydia Harriet Deblois; d. 
in Salem i Mar., 1855. He soon acquired the reputation of a highly 
attractive preacher, which he sustained to the last of his public ser- 
vices. He was a person of extensive culture, a tine classical scholar 
and some of his occasional poetic pieces will long be remembered. 
See Discourse on his death, by Rev. Dexter Clapp ; Salem Gazette, 
Mar. 6, 1855. 

Rev. Joseph Barlow Felt, b. at Salem 22 Dec, 1789, son of Capt. 
John and Elizabeth (Curtis) Felt; gr. Dart. Coll. 1813; studied divin- 
itj' with Rev. Dr. Worcester of Salem ; settled in the ministry at Sha- 
ron, from 19 Dec, 1821, to 19 Apr., 1824, and also at Hamilton, as 
successor of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL.D., from IG June, 1824, to 4 
Dec, 1833, when owing to ill health he dissolved his pastoral relations 
with that church. In 1834 he removed to Boston, where he engaged 
in his congenial pursuits of the antiquary and historian; libi'arian of 
Mass. Historical Society ; a commissioner to arrange the ancient 
papers in the State Archives; secretary and librarian of the Congre- 
gational Library Association ; president of New Eug. Hist. Gen. Soci- 
ety for 1850-1-2. In June, 1861, he removed to Salem, where he spent 
the remainder of his life. In 1857 Dart. College conferred upon him 
the degree of LL.D. ; the well known antiquarian, author of History 
of Ipswich, Annals of Salem, etc. ; m. 1st Abigail Adams, daughter 
of Rev. John Shaw of Haverhill, Mass., 18 Sept., 1816 (b. at Haverhill; 
d. at Boston, July 5, 1859); m. 2dly, 16 Nov., 1862, Mrs. Catherine 
(Bartlett) Meachum, daughter of Hon. Bailey Bartlett of Haverhill; 
d. at Salem, 8 Sept., 1869, without issue. 

Rev. Henry Colman, sou of Dudley and Mary (Jones) Colman, b. 
at Boston, 12 Sept., 1785 ; gr. Dart. Coll., 1805 ; studied divinity with 
Rev. James Freeman of Boston and Rev. John Pierce of Brookliue; 
ord. at Hingham 1 June, 1807; installed at Salem 16 Feb., 1825; dis- 
missed 7 Dec, 1831 ; the remainder of his life was devoted to agricul- 
ture. His writings on this subject, especially reports on the agri- 
culture of Massachusetts and of England, have had an extended cir- 



199 

culation. He m. 11 Apr., 1807, Mary, daughter of Thomas Harris of 
Charlestown, Mass. He died at Islington, England, 17 Aug., 1849. 

Charles W. Upham, see ante. 

13. MEDICAL. 
Edward Augustus Holyoke, see ante. 

Joshua Fisher, M. D., son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Fisher, b. 
at Dedhara, May, 1749; gr. Harv. Coll. 17G6; in 1770 began the study 
of medicine under the direction of Dr. Lincoln of Hingham; began 
the practice in Ipswich, for a time in Salem, and Anally removed to 
Beverly, where he passed the remainder of his life ; he was held in 
high estimation by his profession, his patients and his friends ; he was 
also in an important sense a public man ; senator in Mass. Legis. ; 
president of Mass. Med. Soc. ; president of the Beverly Bank, and 
also president of the Beverly Charitable Society and largely added to 
its funds ; took a deep interest in the natural sciences and bequeathed 
to Harv. Coll. $20,000 to found a Professorship of Natural History. 
He died 15 March, 1833. See Quincy Hist. Harv. Univ., vol. II, p. 427; 
Stone's Hist, of Beverly, p. IGO; Channing's Notice in Mass. Med. 
Soc. Communications, vol. V, p. 279. 

Andrew Nichols, sou of Andrew and Eunice (Nichols) Nichols ; 
b. at Danvers, 22 Nov., 1785; m. 1st, 1 June, 1809, his cousin, Ruth 
Nichols, daughter of John and Sarah (Fuller) Nichols (b. at Middle- 
ton 21 Jan., 1785; d. s. p., 31 Mar. 1832); m. 2d, 3 Oct., 1833, Mary 
Holyoke Ward, daughter of Joshua and Susanna (Holyoke) Ward, b. 
at Salem, 2 May, 1800. He died 30 Mar., 1853. In early life he 
worked on the farm and attended the district school, but having 
decided to become a physician he repaired to the Academy at Ando- 
ver for the preparatory studies and on the 11th of April, 1805, he en- 
tered the office of Dr. Manning at Billerica; he also studied with Dr. 
Waterhouse of Cambridge. In July, 1808, he entered upon the prac- 
tice of the profession in the south parish of Danvers (now Peabody), 
where he resided until his decease. 

He had an early taste for the study of natural history, especially 
botany. He was particularly conversant with our local natural his- 
tory, and several communications on these subjects have appeared in 
the publications of this society. See Proceedings of Essex Inst., Vol. 
2, p. 26. In all our excursions he took an active part. In the various 
movements of society he took a deep interest. He was a pioneer 
with Pickering in the organization of the County Agricultural Society; 
for many years its treasurer. In Mass. Med. Society he was an active 
member and, for many years, was president of the District Society, 



200 

embracing Salem and the neighboring towns. He delivered the annual 
address in 1S36. See Genealogy of Nichols Family in E. I. Hist. Coll., 
Ill, 29 ; sermon by F. P. Appleton. 

Gideon Bakstow, see ante. 

Abel Lawrence Peirson, M. D., son of Samuel and Sarah (Page) 
Peirson, b. at Biddeford, Me., 25 Nov., 1794; gr. Harv. Coll. 1812. 
He studied medicine with Dr. James Jackson of Boston, and gradu- 
ated M. D. Ilarv. Coll. 181(5; entered upon practice of tlie profession 
at Vassalboro, Me. ; removed to Salem early in 1817, where he spent 
the remainder of his life. He Ivcpt himself well informed as to the 
useful additions made to medical science, gave great attention to sur- 
gery and acquired a higli reputation in that branch of practice. For 
many years he was largely employed in consultations throughout a 
large portion of Essex County and was an active member of the Mass. 
Med. Soc, and president of the Essex South District Med. Soc. at the 
time of his decease. He married, 18 April, 1819, Harriet, daughter of 
Abel and Abigail (Page) Lawrence (b. 4 July, 1793; d. 13 Nov., 1870) ; 
was killed, on the New York & New Haven railroad, at Norwalk, 
Conn., G May, 1853, on his return from New York, where he had been 
to attend a medical convention. 

Charles Gideon Putnam, M. D., son of Samuel and Sarah (Gooll) 
Putnam; b. at Salem, 7 Nov., 1805; gr. Harv. 1824; studied medicine 
with Dr. A. L. Peii'son and received the degree of M. D. from Har- 
vard in 1827; commenced the practice in Salem; about 1833 removed 
to Boston, where he resided the remainder of his life and entered into 
a successful practice ; president of Mass. Med. Society ; m. Elizabeth, 
daughter of James and Elizabeth (Cabot) Jackson; d. at Boston, 5 
Feb., 1875, with universal respect and esteem for his invariable kind- 
ness and courtesy, and his readiness to impart freely, from his abun- 
dant professional resources, valuable information to his less experi- 
enced brethren. 

14. MERCHANTS AND OTHERS. 

Jacob Ashton, son of Jacob and Mary (Ropes) Ashton, b. at 
Salem 5 Sept., 1744; gr. Harv. Coll. 1766; d. 28 Dec, 1829; ra. 16 
May, 1771, Susanna, daughter of Richard and Hannah (Hubbard) Lee 
(b. 15 Apr., 1747; d. 21 Apr., 1817); merchant, afterwards Pres. of 
Salem Marine Insurance Company. A prominent citizen, filling many 
situations of trust, and during a long life he has uniformly exhibited 
an example of industry, probity, and usefulness. 

Gideon Barstow, see ante. 



201 

Nathaniel Bowditch, son of Habakkuk and Mary (Ingersoll) Bow- 
ditch, b. at Salem 26 Mar., 1773; m. 25 Mar., 1798, Elizabeth B., 
daughter of Francis and Mary (Hodges) Boardman; she died 18 Oct., 
1798; m. 2dly, 28 Oct., 1800, his cousin Mary, daughter of Jonathan 
and Mary (Hodges) Ingersoll (b. 4 Dec, 1781; d. 17 April, 1834) ; de- 
scended in the sixth generation from William Bowditch, the first of 
this family in Salem, who came to this country from the west of Eng- 
land, probably from the city of Exeter, admitted an inhabitant Nov. 
20, 1639, had a grant of land Jan. 23, 1643 ; through William^ Wil- 
liam^, Ebenezer'', Habakkuk^. In early life a clerk and supercargo; 
president of Salem Fire and Marine Insurance Company ; removed to 
Boston in 1823, and was the actuary of Mass. Hospital Life Ins. Com- 
pany; devoted himself to the study of mathematics and became very 
distinguished in that direction; author of the American Navigator 
and the translator of La Place's Mecauique Celeste, in 4 vols., 4to. 
He was president of the East India Marine Society of Salem, and 
president of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, fellow of 
Eoyal Society of London, and also member of many of the leading 
scientific societies of this country and Europe. Harv. Coll. conferred 
the degree of LL.D. in 1826, and he was from 1826-38 a member of the 
corporation of that institution. He died at Boston 16 Mar., 1838 • 
See Eulogies by D. A. White and John Pickering; Discourse on his 
life and character by Alexander Young ; Memoir by his son Nathaniel 
Bowditch. 

George Cleveland, son of Stephen and Margaret (Jeffry) Cleve- 
land, b. 26 Jan., 1781; m. 7 April, 1808, Elizabeth, daughter of Jona- 
than and Elizabeth (Ropes) Hodges (b. 1 Jan., 1789, d. 23, Dec, 1834). 
He died at Salem 13 Mar., 1840; descended from Moses Cleveland, 
who came to this county (says family tradition) a joiner, from Ipswich, 
Suffolk County, England, and early took up his permanent abode in 
Woburn and m., 26 Sept., 1648, Ann, daughter of Edward Winn; 
through Aaron^, Aaron^, Rev. Aaron'', Stephen^. President of Salera 
Commercial Insurance Company ; trustee and a vice president of the 
Essex Historical Society. See Sewall's Hist, of Woburn, p. 599. 

Charles Chauncy Clarke, son of Rev. John and Esther (Orne) 
Clarke of the First Church, Boston, b. in Boston 3 April, 1789 ; gr. 
Harv. Coll. 1808; d. in Salem, unmarried, 14 Oct., 1837. Interested 
in literary and historical studies ; an officer of the Salem Athenfeura 
for several years, and of the Essex Historical Society from its organi- 
zation until his decease. 

Pickering Dodge, son of Israel and Lucia (Pickering) Dodge ; b. 
6 April, 1778; m. 5 Nov., 1801, Rebecca, daughter of Daniel and Mary 



202 

Jenks (b. 19 Feb., 1781; d. 30 Mar., 1851). He d. IG Aug., 1833; well 
known as an active, enterprising, intelligent and honorable merchant; 
universally esteemed. 

Pickering Dodgk, jr., son of the preceding, b. at Salem, 24 April, 
1801 ; prepared for college at the Private Grammar School in Salem, 
kept by John Brazer Davis (H. C. 1815); gr. Ilarv. Coll. 1823; m. in 
March, 182fi, Anna Storer, daughter of Rev. Henry and Mary (Harris) 
Colman of Salem (b. 20 Nov., 1808, d. 16 Sept., 1849) ; after his mar- 
riage resided on a farm in Lynn until 1837, when he returned to Salem 
and engaged in horticultural pursuits and in the walks of literature ; 
in 1846, published a volume entitled "A History of the Art of Paint- 
ing," in 1849 a second volume entitled " Sculpture and the Plastic 
Art." After the death of his wife in 1849 he spent much of the time 
of the four following years in European travel. In June, 1853, m., 
2dly, Eliza Webb, daughter of Rev. Samuel and Caroline (Howard) 
Oilman, who was for many years the pastor of the Unitarian Church in 
Charleston, S. C. He then spent a year in European travel, and after- 
wards resided principally in Worcester, where he died 28 Dec, 18G3. 

William Gibbs, son of Henry and Mercy (Prescott) Gibbs ; b. at 
Salem 17 Feb., 1785; m. 24 Sept., 1811, his cousin Mercy, daughter of 
Peter and Mary (Prescott) Barrett (b. at Concord, Mass., 13 Sept., 
1783, d. 7 Feb., 1837); resided in Salem, Concord and Lexington; d. 
in Lexington 23 Dec, 1853 ; distinguished for his genealogical and 
historical reseai'ches. The first of this family in this country was 
Robert Gil)bs, fonrth son of Sir Henry Gibbs ; b. about 1G34 ; came to 
Boston between 1G57 and IGGO, where he became a distinguished mer- 
chant; his son Henry^ was the well known minister of Watertown; 
his son Henry^, a graduate of Harvard in 172G, entered into mercantile 
business in Salem; his son Henry*, a graduate of Harvard in 1766, 
was also a merchant in Salem and was the father of the subject of 
this notice. See Family Notices collected by William Gibbs. 

Francis Peabody, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Smith) Peabody, 
b. at Salem 7 Dec, 1801 ; m. 7 July, 1823, Martha, daughter of Samuel 
and Elizabeth (Putnam) Eudicott; d. at Salem 31 Oct., 18G7. Soon 
after leaving school he made an excursion to Russia and Northern 
Europe, and on his return settled in Salem, w'here he continued to 
reside until his decease, except occasional visits to Europe. He was 
early interested in the study of chemistry and the kindred sciences 
and their application to the useful arts. He took an active part in the 
organization of popular lecture courses in this city, and delivered sev- 
eral of the lectures in the earlier courses, as those of the Essex Lodge 
of F. A. M. in 1827-8, the Salem Charitable Mechanic Association 



20-3 

about the same time, and the Salem Lyceum in 1830-the last named 
institution has continued the annual courses of lectures. About 1826 
he eno-n-ed in the manufacture of white lead. From that time until 
his de'ce'Ise he had been interested in this and other manufactures, or 

commerce. , , , 

Mr Peabody had a very active and inventive mind and gave much 
attention to experimental researches in physical sciences. President 
of the Essex Institute 1865-7, and the first president of the Peabody 
Academy of Science, being very much interested in the organization 
of that Institution. See Memoir by C. W. Upham, in Vol. IX of E. I. 
Hist. Coll. 

Geokge Peabody, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Smith) Peabody, 
and brother of the preceding; b. at Salem 10 Jan., 1804; gr. Harv 
Coll ls-^3- m r, Sept., 1827, Clara, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth 
(Putnam) 'Endicott. Rep. Mass. Legis. ; member of Mass. Const 
Couv. 1853; popular commander of the Salem Light Infantry; Col. of 
Artill. Reg. ; 1st Pres. of Eastern R. R. Corp. ; now resides in Salem. 

William Pickman, son of Benjamin and Mary (Toppan) Pickmau, 
b at Salem 25 June, 1774; d. at Salem, unmarried, 1 May, 18o7; in 
early life a merchant in Boston, returned to Salem and lived many 
years retired from the active duties of life. A brother of Benjamin 
Pickman ; see ante. 

WiLLARD PEELE, son of Jonathan and Abigail (Mason) Peele; b. at 
Salem 30 Nov., 1773; gr. Harv. Coll. 1792; m. Margaret, daughter of 
John and Jane (Sparhawk) Appleton; d. 13 June, 183.; studied law 
before engaging in commercial pursuits; merchant in Salem; presi- 
dent Commercial Bank. 

DUDLEY Leavitt Pickman, SOU of William and Elizabeth (Leavitt) 
Pickman; bapt. May, 1779; m. 6 Sept., 1810, Catherine, daughter of 
Thomas and Elizabeth (Elkins) Sanders (bapt. 29 Aug., 1784, d. 1» 
May, 1823) ; d. 4 Nov., 1846. He was one of our most eminent and 
wealthy merchants, for several years a member of both branches of 
the legislature, public spirited and liberal to our several lieiaiy, 
religious and charitable institutions. A cousin of Benjamin Pickman ; 

see ante. 

William Proctor, son of William and Elizabeth (Masury) Proctor; 

b. at Salem : m. Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Peirce) Holman 

Eec. Secretary Essex Historical Society; merchant; in 1827 removed 

to Brooklyn, New York. 



204 

Nathaniel Leverett Rogers, son of Nathaniel and Abigail (Dodge) 
Rogers; b. at Ipswich Aug., 1785; m. 24 Oct., 1813, Harriet, daugh- 
ter of Aaron and Elizabeth (Call) Waite ; d. 31 July, 1858 ; descended 
from Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, son of Rev. John of Dedham, b. in 1598, 
arrived in Boston in Nov., 163G, and was settled over the church in 
Ipswich, d. July 3, 1G55; through Rev. John^, Pres. of Harv. Coll., 
Rev. John^ of Ipswich, Rev. Nathaniel'' of Ipswich, NathanieP. For 
many years in business connections with his brothers John W. and 
Richard S. under the name of N. L. Rogers & brothers, president of 
the East India Marine Society of Salem and held other oflSces of honor 
and trust. See N. E. Hist. Gen. Reg., V, 105, 224, 311. 

Nathaniel Silsbee, son of Nathaniel and Mai'y (Crowninshield) 
Silsbee; b. 28 Dec, 1804; gr. Harv. Coll., 1824; m. Nov. 9, 1829, Mary 
Ann Cabot Devereux, daughter of Humphrey and Eliza (Dodge) 
Devereux, b. 6 Feb., 1812; merchant; mayor of the city of Salem, 
1849, 50, 58, 59 ; removed to Boston, 18f)0 ; treasurer of Harv. College ; 
now resides in Boston. 

John White Treadwell, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (White) 
Treadwell, b, at Ipswich 12 July, 1785. He moved to Salem in early 
life and soon became one of our most respected and valued citizens, 
■widely known in the i-eligious denomination of which, for a third of a 
century he was a conspicuous and a hospitable member. He was for 
many years a cashier and president of the Merchants' Bank, Salem ; 
Rec. Sec. of Essex Hist. Society; m. Susan K. and Harriet K., daugh- 
ters of Mr. Farley of Ipswich ; d. 4 April, 1857. 

George Atkinson Ward, son of Samuel Curwen and Jane (Ropes) 
Ward, b. at Salem 29 Mar., 1793; m. 5 Oct., 1816, Mehitable, daugh- 
ter of James and Sarah (Ward) Gushing (b. 28 Feb., 1795; d. 4 Oct., 
1862) ; d. at Salem, 22 Sept., 18G4; descended from Miles Ward, men- 
tioned in 1639, who came from Enith in Kent, a few miles below Lon- 
don on the Thames, with his wife Margaret, and died in Virginia 
3 Mar., 1650; through Joshua'^, Miles^ Joshua*, Richard^ Samuel Cur- 
wen^ ; merchant at Salem and New York ; one of the founders of the 
Historical Society and its first secretary ; editor of Curwen's Letters 
and author of several memoirs and historical papers. See Notices of 
the descendants of Miles Ward in E. I. Hist. Coll., V, 207; Memoir by 
C. W. Upham, E. I. Hist. Coll., VII, 49. 

Jonathan Webb, son of Benjamin and Mary (King) Webb, b. at 
Salem 22 Jan., 1795; m. 5 Jan., 1825, Harriet, daughter of Abijah Nor- 
they of Salem (d. at Andover 15 Oct., 1870, aged 72 years) ; d. 2 Aug., 
1832 ; an apothecary, Colonel of Mass. Militia, endowed with talents 



205 

of the highest order and a refined taste, he devoted his leisure to sci- 
entific pursuits, especially those appertaining to electricity. He was 
enterprising and active in business, frank and cordial in his social 
intercourse. 

Stephen White, son of Henry and Phoebe (Brown) White; b. at 
Salem 10 July, 1787; m. 7 Aug., 1808, Harriet, daughter of Elisha and 
Mehitable (Pedrick) Story of Marblehead; she died 19 June, 1827. 
He removed to Boston about 1830; d. at New York 10 Aug., 1841. 
While a resident of Salem he was an active and enterprising mer- 
chant ; had been elected several years, a member of both branches of 
the Legislature, and was frequently called upon to officiate on public 
occasions, and to hold positions of honor and trust. 

15. 

Benjamin Goodhue, son of Benjamin and Martha (Hardy) Goodhue, 
b. at Salem 20 Sept., 1748; gr. Harv. Coll., 1766; m. 6 Jan., 1778, 
Frances Eichie of Philadelphia (b. 27 June, 1751, d. at Salem 21 Jan., 
1801) ; m. 2dly 5 Nov., 1804, Ann Willard, a daughter of Abijah and 
Anna (Prentice) Willard of Lancaster, Mass. (b. 20 Aug., 17G3, d. 2 
Aug., 1858) ; descended from William Goodhue, b. in England in 1612, 
took the oath of Freeman, Dec, 1636, and probably came over in that 
year ; settled in Ipswich and sustained the chief ti-usts of the town ; 
was deacon of the First Church for many years, selectman. Rep. Gen. 
Court, etc. ; died about 1699 ; through Joseph^, William^, Benjamin*. 

He early embarked in commerce with credit and success ; a whig in 
the Revolution; represented the county of Essex in the Senate of 
Massachusetts from 1784 to 1789 when he was elected a Rep. to the 
first U. S. Congress under the new constitution; in 1796 elected to the 
U. S. Senate, and in 1800 he resigned his seat and retired to private 
life. He died at Salem 28 July, 1814, leaving an irreproachable name 
to his then only surviving son, Jonathan Goodhue of New York, a 
merchant who in character and credit stood second to none in that 
commercial emporium. 

16. 

Nathan Reed, b. at Western, now Warren, Mass., 2 July, 1759; son 
of Major Reuben and Tamersou (Meachum) Reed, who was born at 
Sudbury, 2 Nov., 1730, d. 26 May, 1803; his grandfather, Capt. Na- 
thaniel Reed, was one of the first settlers of Warren, died 9 June, 
1785, at the advanced age of 81. He gr. Harv. Coll. 1781 ; then taught 
school at Beverly and Salem about two years, tutor in Harv. 1783-7; 
studied medicine with Dr. Holyoke until Oct., 1788, when he opened 



206 

an apothecary shop; m. 20 Oct., 1790, Elizabeth, daughter of William 
and Elizabeth (Bowditch) Jeffry. He invented a machine for the 
making of nails, and in 1796 erected a building in Danvers for the 
manufacture of nails, and the next year had his machines in operation. 
About the same time he built a splendid mansion near by and moved 
there ; for many years since owned by Capt. Porter. He also con- 
structed the tirst steamboat with paddle wheels in this country; the 
trial trip took place in 1789. Rep. U. S. Congress 1801-3. In 1807 he 
removed to Belfast, Me., and for many years was Chief Justice of the 
Court of Common Pleas in said county. He was much interested in 
agricultural pursuits. He died at his residence in Belfast 20 Jan., 
18-19. See History of the Reed Family by Jacob W. Reed, pages 272, 
etc. 

17. 

Jacob Crowninshield, son of George and Mary (Derby) Crownin- 
shield; b. at Salem 31 May, 1770; d. at Washington 15 May, 1808; m. 
June 5, 1796, Sarah, daughter of John and Sarah (Derby) Gardner (b. 
1773, d. May, 1807). A brother of Benjamin W. Crowninshield, see 
ante. A merchant in connection with his father and brothers at 
Salem ; Rep. U. S. Cong. 1802-08. In 1805 he was appointed U. S. Sec. 
of the Navy by Pres. Jefferson, declined the position on account of ill 
health ; in Congress he was specially valued for his knowledge of 
marine and commercial matters, which was extensive and accurate. 
He was prompt and diligent in the performance of his duties and pos- 
sessed amiable manners, an open disposition and a liberal heart. 

18. 

Elias Haskett Derby, son of Richard and Mary (Hodges) Derby, 
b. at Salem 16 Aug., 1739; d. 8 Sept., 1799; m. 23 Apr., 1761, Eliza- 
beth, daughter of Johu and Anstiss (Williams) Crowninshield (b. at 
Salem, 6 Aug., 1734, d. 17 June, 1815) ; descended from Roger Derby, 
who came from Topsham, Devonshire Co., England, and landed at 
Boston 15 July, 1671; thence he went to Ipswich, afterwards to 
Salem; b. in England in 1643; d. in Salem 26 Sept., 1698, aged 55 
yrs.; m. 23 Aug., 1668, Lucretia (b. in 1643, d. 25 May, 1689); their 
grave stones are in the old burial ground in Peabody ; through Rich- 
ard^, Richard^. At an early age he entered his father's counting room, 
and from 1760 to 1775 kept his father's books and traded extensively 
with the English and French W. I. Islauds. Mr. Derby espoused the 
cause of the colonists. Trade being depressed, he fitted out some 108 
private armed vessels during the Revolutionary War. In 1784 he 
despatched the "Grand Turk" to Cape of Good Hope and to Canton 



207 

(1st voyage). Other voyages were afterwards made. He thus led the 
way to India and China, and opened for Salem that extensive foreign 
commerce which will always hold a prominent place in her history. 
See Genealogy of Derby Family, Vol. IV of E. I. Hist. Coll. 

19. 

William Gray, son of Abraham and Lydia (Galley) Gray, b. in 
Lynn 27 June, 1750; m. 18 Mar., 1782, Elizabeth, daughter of John 
and Elizabeth (Brown) Chipman of Marblehead. Mr. Gray removed 
to Salem at an early age and entered the counting room of Richard 
Derb}^. He soon became one of the largest ship owners in Salem, 
and followed the lead of Mr. Derby in sending ships to Canton and 
ports in the East Indies. His mansion in Salem is now the Essex 
House. About 1809 he removed to Boston. In 1810, 1811, he was 
chosen Lieut. Governor of Mass., having held previously a seat in the 
Massachusetts Senate. He died in Boston 3 Nov., 182.5. During his 
life he accumulated a great property. As a merchant, he was industri- 
ous, far seeing and energetic ; as a citizen, patriotic and public spirited. 

20. 

Joseph Peabody, son of Francis and Margaret (Knight) Peabody; 
b. at Middleton 12 Dec, 1757; m. 1st, 28 Aug., 1791, Catherine; 2dly, 
24 Oct., 1795, Elizabeth, daughters of Rev. Elias Smith of Middleton; 
d. 5 Jan., 1844 ; descended from Lieut. Francis Peabody of St. Albans, 
Hertfordshire, England, b. in 1614; came to New England in the ship 
Planter in 1635 ; one of the original settlers of Hampton, whither he 
came in the summer of 1638; Freeman in 1640; in 1657 he was in 
Topsfield and was one of the prominent men in that town ; lived to 
an advanced age, died 19 Feb., 1697-8; through Isaac^, Francit<^, and 
Francis^. Mr. Peabody lived in early life in Boxford and Middleton ; 
at the commencement of the Revolution, he came to Salem to partici- 
pate in the moi'e stiri-ing scenes of a sea life on board of our private 
armed vessels, where he distinguished himself as a brave and skilful 
officer. After the establishment of peace he was a ship owner and 
merchant, and soon became one of the most eminent merchants of 
Salem and extensively known throughout the commercial world. See 
Genealogy of Peabody Family in N. E. Hist. Gen. Reg., Vol. ii, p. 153; 
Memoir of J. Peabody by G. A. Ward, in Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, 
Vol. XIII, page 150. 

21. 

John Bertram, b. on the Isle of Jersey, 11 Feb., 1796; came to 
Salem at an early age with his parents ; his father, Jolm Bertram, son 



208 

of Thomas and Jeanne (Legros) Bertram, was born in the Parish of 
St. Saviour, Jersey, 26 Sept., 1773, d. at Salem, 29 April, 1825, aged 53 
years ; his mother, Mary Bertram, daughter of Jaques and Elizabeth 
(Vaudiu) Perchard, b. in the Parish of St. Saviour, Jersey, 16 Mar., 
1773, d. in Newton, Mass., 20 Feb., 1842, aged 70 years. He married 
19 Oct., 1823, Mary G. Smith, who died 18 April, 1837, aged 36 years; 
m., 2dly, 25 March, 1838, Mrs. Clarissa (Maclntire) Millet, who died 30 
June, 18'17, aged 37 years; m., 3dly, 27 June, 1848, Mary Ann, daugh- 
ter of Timothy and Sarah (Holmes) Ropes. 

He commenced life as a cabin boy and by successive stages soon 
became a commander, then an owner, afterwards largely interested in 
vessels engaged in the several trades. Those of Zanzibar, Para, and 
California seemed to have claimed a considerable shai'e of his atten- 
tion. In his various enterprises he has been successful, and now, 
somewhat retired from the active duties of life, he takes pleasure in 
aiding various charities. He has furnished and maintained at his own 
expense the "Old Men's Home," and was largely instrumental in 
establishing the Salem Hospital. As a merchant, enterprising and 
energetic ; as a citizen, public spirited and liberal. 



2^ote to the Remarks of Dean Stanley. 

Dean Stanley in his speech refers to the monument erected by 
Massachusetts in "Westminster Abbey to Lord Howe. The following 
extract is taken from the "History of the Abbey Church of St. Peter's 
Westminster, its antiquities and monuments," Vol. II, page 34 : — 

"A figure, representing the Genius of Massachusetts Bay, reposes 
in a mournful posture and is supported by a shield. An obelisk rises 
behind her, decorated with the arms of the Howe family and military 
trophies. On a tablet beneath is the inscription : — 

'The province of Massachusetts Bay, in New England, by an order 
of the Great and General Court, bearing date Feb. 1, 1759, caused this 
monument to be erected to the memory of George Augustus Lord 
Viscount Howe, brigadier-general of His Majesty's forces in America, 
who was slain July the 6th, 1758, on the march to Ticonderoga, in the 
thirty-fourth year of his age, in testimony of the sense they had of 
his services and military virtues ; and of the aflection their officers, 
and soldiers bore to his command. He lived respected and beloved. 
The public regretted his loss — to his family it is irreparable.'" 



209 



Committee of Arrangements. 



Henry TVheatlaxd, Chairman. 
Abxer C. Goodell, jr., 
William Sutton, 
William P. Upham, 
Edward S. Atwood, 
Fielder Israel, 
KiCHARD C. Manning, 
Thomas M. Stlmpson, 



Daniel B. Hagar, 

James Kimball, 

Henry L. Williams, 

George R. Emmerton, 

Edwin C. Bolles, 

Amos H. Johnson, 

Thomas F. Hunt. 

George M. Whipple, Secretary. 



Choir, under the direction of Mr. B. J. Lang. 



Sopranos. 

Miss Mary A. Bush, Miss 

Miss Grace Dalton, Mrs. 

Miss Clara L. Emilio, Miss 

Miss Mary S. Emilio, Miss 

Mrs. a. E. B. Govea, Mrs. 

Miss Nellie B. Kehew, Mrs. 

Miss Grace E. Machado, Mrs. 

Miss S. Alice Machado, Miss 

Miss Harriet K. Osgood, Miss 

Mrs. H. W. Putnam, Miss 
Miss Helen M. Smith, 
Miss Rosamond Simonds, 
Mrs. J. C. TowNB. 



Altos. 

Emily W. Archer, 
A. B. Brown, 
E. W. Chadwick, 
Mary K. Felt, 
C. B. Fowler, 
W. H. Kehew, 
J. H. Lefavour, 
S. Amy Machado, 
Margaret M. Osgood, 
C. S. Spiller. 



Tenor. 

Mr. Seth C. Bennett, 
Mr. Charles E. Chute, 
Mr. E. V. Emilio, 
Mr. Andrew Fitz, 
Mr. D. B. Hagar, 
Mr. D. B. Kimball, 
Mr. T. M. Osborne, 
Mr. Geo. M. Whipple. 



Bass. 

Mr. Frank Brown, 
Mr. S. p. Chase, 
Mr. Arthur A. Clark, 
Mr. R. B. Gifford, 
Mr. W. H. Kehew, 
Mr. John C. Pulsifer, 
Mr. T. M. Stimpson, 
Mr. W. H. Whipple. 



14 



210 



List of Persons present at the Lunch. 



Archer, Charles F. W., Salem. 
Atwood, Edward S., Salem. 
Atwood, Mrs. Edward S., Salem. 
Austin, Miss Harriet A., Salem. 

Bacon, J. P., Boston. 
Batchelder, Henry M., Salem. 
Bodflsh, Joshua L., Boston. 
BoUes, Edwin C, Salem. 
Bolles, Mrs. Edwin C, Salem. 
Bowdoiu, Mrs. W. L., Salem. 
Bowker, Charles, Salem. 
Bowker, George, Salem. 
Bradbury, Jas. W., Augusta, Me. 
Brooks, Chas. T., Newport, R. I. 
Brooks, Miss Mary M., Salem. 
Brooks, Phillips, Boston. 
Brown, Augustus S., Salem. 

Choate, Charles F., Cambridge. 
Choate, Mrs. Chas.F., Cambridge. 
Choate, Mrs. George, Cambridge. 
Choate, Mrs. George F., Salem. 
Choate, Joseph H., New York. 
Churchill, J. W., Andover. 
Clarke, Mrs. A. P., Lawrence. 
Clarke, Miss Alice S., Lawrence. 
Cook, Mrs. James P., Salem. 
Cook, Miss M. A., Salem. 
Curwen, George E., Salem. 
Curwen, James B., Salem. 
Curwen, Mrs. James B., Salem. 

Davis, James H., Salem. 
Davis, Mrs. James H., Salem. 
Deaue, Charles, Cambridge. 
Dean, John Ward, Boston. 
DeGersdorf, E. B., Boston. 
DeGersdorf, Mrs. E. B., Boston. 
Derby, Miss Lucy, Boston. 
Dexter, George, Boston. 



Dexter, Mrs. George, Boston. 
Dudley, H. A. S. D., Boston. 

Emmerton, George R., Salem. 
Emmerton, Mrs., Geo. R., Salem. 
Endicott, Miss Anna G., Salem. 
Endicott, Miss Mary C, Salem. 
Endicott, John, Beverly. 
Endicott, Mary Eliz., Beverly. 
Endicott, Rob't Rantoul, Beverly. 
Endicott, William, Beverly. 
Endicott, William, jr., Boston. 
Endicott, Wm., jr., 2d, Boston. 
Endicott, William, Danvers. 
Endicott, William C, Salem. 
Endicott, Mrs. William C, Salem. 
Endicott, William C, jr., Salem. 

Fenno, D. Brooks, Boston. 
Fenuo, Miss, Boston. 
Fielden, Francis A., Salem. 
Foote, Caleb, Salem. 
Franks, James P., Salem. 
Franks, Mrs. James P., Salem. 
Frothingham, Rich., Charlestown. 

Gardner, George, Boston. 
Gardner, Miss, Boston. 
Giflbrd, R. B., Salem. 
Gifford, Mrs. R. B., Salem. 
Goldthwaite Willard, Salem. 
Green, Samuel A., Boston. 
Grove, George, London. 

Hagar, D. B., Salem. 
Hagar, Mrs. D. B., Salem. 
Harper, Gerald, Loudon. 
Harrington, L. B., Salem. 
Harris, N. B., New York City. 
Heard, John, Boston. 
Hill, B. D., Peabody. 



211 



Hodges, Mary O., Salem. 
Hodges, N. D. C, Salem. 
Hodges, Osgood, Salem. 
Howe, Samuel B., Salem. 
Howe, Mrs. Samuel B., Salem. 
Hunt, Sarah E., Salem, 
Hunt, Mrs. Thomas, Salem. 
Hunt, T. F., Salem. 
Huntington, A. L., Salem. 
Huntington, Miss S. L., Salem. 

Israel, Fielder, Salem. 
Ives, S. B., Salem. 
Ives, S. B., jr., Salem. 
Ives, Mrs. S. B., jr., Salem. 

Jenkins, Chas. T., Salem. 

Ketchum, Silas, Poquouock, Ct. 
Kimball, James, Salem. 
Kimball, Mrs. James, Salem. 

Lang, B. J., Boston. 
Lang, Mrs. B. J., Boston. 
Lee, Miss Harriet R., Salem. 
Lefavour, J. W., Salem. 
Lefavour, Mrs. J. W., Salem. 
Lincoln, Solomon, jr., Salem. 

Mack, William, Salem. 
Manning, Richard C, Salem. 
Merrill, George E., Salem. 
Mills, Robert C, Salem. 
Moore, David, Salem. 
Moulton, J. T., Lynn. 

Nevins, Wm. S., Salem. 
Nourse, Dorcas C, Salem. 

Oliver, Henry K., Salem. 

Palfray, Charles W., Salem. 
Peabody, Alfred, Salem. 
Peabody, Francis, Danvers. 



Peabody, Mrs. Francis, Danvers. 
Peabody, Francis, jr., Danvers. 
Peabody, Miss Martha, Salem. 
Peabody, Miss Fanny E., Danvers. 
Peabody, George, Salem. 
Peabody, Mrs. George, Salem. 
Peabody, Henry W., Salem. 
Peabody, Mrs. Henry W., Salem. 
Peabody, S. Endicott, Salem. 
Peabody, Mrs. S. Endicott, Salem. 
Peirce, Benjamin, Cambridge. 
Peirsou, Charles L., Boston. 
Peirsou, Mrs. Charles L., Boston. 
Phippeu, George D., Salem. 
Pickett, John, Beverly. 
Pickman, Dudley L., Boston. 
Pickmau, Mrs. Wm. D., Boston. 
Putnam, Alfred P., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Putnam, F. W., Cambridge. 
Putnam, Mrs. F. W., Cambridge. 

Rice, Alexander H., Boston. 
Robinson, John, Salem. 
Robinson, Mrs. John, Salem. 
Rogers, Richard D., Boston. 
Ropes, Charles A., Salem. 
Ropes, Mrs. Charles A., Salem. 
Ropes, Miss Eliza Orne, Salem. 
Ropes, Miss Mary, Salem. 
Ropes, Nathaniel, Salem. 
Ropes, Reubeu W., New York. 
Russell, Samuel H., Boston. 

Saflford, Mrs. James O., Salem. 
Saltonstall, Leverett, Boston. 
Saltonstall, William G., Salem. 
Saltonstall, Mrs. Wm. G., Salem. 
Silsbee, Benj. H., Salem, 
Silsbee, Mrs. Benj. H., Salem. 
Silsbee, Miss Margaret, Salem. 
Silsbee, Edward A., Salem. 
Silsbee, Nathaniel, Boston. 
Silsbee, Mrs. Nathaniel, Boston. 
Silver, Peter, Salem. 



212 

Simouds, ■William H., jr., Salem. AVcbb, Mrs, Wra. G., Salem. 
Simonds, Mrs. Wra. H., jr., Salem. Webber, Charles H., Salem. 
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyu, London. Webster, John, Salem. 
Stimpson, Thomas M., Peabody. West, J. H., Haverhill. 
Stone, Mrs. Alfred, Prov., R. I. West, Mrs. Julia H., Haverhill. 
Sullivan, Henry D., Salem. Wheatland, George, jr., Boston. 

Wheatland, Henry, Salem. 
Tuckerman, J. Francis, Salem. Whipple, George M., Salem. 
Tuckerman, Leverett S., Salem. Whipple, Mrs. George M., Salem. 

Wilder, Marshall P., Boston. 
Uphara, O. W. H., Salem, Williams, Henry L., Salem. 

Upham, William P., Salem. Williams, Miss E. D., Salem. 

Williams, Tucker D., Salem. 
Very, Jones, Salem. Winthrop, Robert C, Boston. 



Historical Events of Salem, from its Early Settlement to 
the jjresent time} 

162G. Salem, then called Naumkeag, first settled by Roger Conant, 
John Woodbury, John Balch, Peter Palfrey, and others. 

1628. Sept. G ; Arrival of Capt. John Eudicott with a company of about 

one hundred. 

1629. April 30; Capt. Endicott appointed Governor of the Plantation. 
1629. June 29 ; Arrival of Rev. Francis Higginson, Rev. Samuel Skel- 

ton, and a company of about three hundred and eighty. 

1629. August 6 ; A church is established, the first organized Congre- 

gational Church in the country. 

1630. June 12 ; Arrival of Gov. John Winthrop, with the charter. 
1630. August 6; Rev. Mr. Higginson dies, aged 43, 

1630. August; Lady Arabella Johnson, a daughter of the Earl of 

Lincoln, dies here. 

1631. August; Indian alarm. 

1634. August 2 ; Rev. Mr. Skelton dies. 



1 The following list of historical events was prepared for "Au Exhibit of Salem," 
sent to the International Exhibition in 1876 Ijy the Essex Institute. At the reciueat 
of several friends, it is inserted in this appendix with a few additions. The limits 
of these pages will not permit more extended notices; it is only a brief compend 
a few facts gleaned from the records. 



213 

1634. The congregation having worshipped from 1629 to the present 

time in an unfinished building of one story agreed, with Mr. 
Norton, to build a suitable meeting house, not to cost more 
than £100. 

1635. Oct. 6 ; Arrival of Hugh Peters. 

1G36. June ; Assembling of the first Quarterly Court. 

1639. First records of tanning business. Philemon Dickerson is 
granted laud "to make tan-pits and to dress goat-skins and 
hides." 

1643. May 10; Wenham set off and incorporated. 

1645. May 14 ; Manchester set off and incorporated. 

1648-9. March 12 ; Marblehead set off and incorporated. 

1650. Sept. 22 ; Brethren at Bass River, Beverly, have liberty to ob- 
tain a minister. 

1650. Oct. 18 ; Topsfleld set off and incorporated. 

1655. May 17 ; Burial place laid out at the hill above Francis Law's 
house. 

1657. ; The Quakers began to arrive, and in 1658 the first law 

of penalty of death upon them was enacted, and in 1G61 eigh- 
teen of them were publicly punished in Salem. 

1658. June 29 ; Court punishes people for attending Quaker meeting. 

1659. Dec. 23 ; Rev. Edward Norris dies. 

1660. Aug. ; Rev. John Higginson ord. minister of the First Church. 
1665. March 15; John Endicott dies. 

1667. July 4; Dismissal of Brethren from First Church to found a 

church at Bass River. 

1668. Beverly set ofl' and incorporated. 

1672. March 22 ; Permission for ministry at Salem Village. 

1674. June 5; Capt. Walter Price dies, aged 61. 

1675. Sept. 18 ; Capt. Thomas Lathrop and seventy men were killed 

at Bloody Brook (now Deerfleld). 
1675. Dec. 29; Capt. Joseph Gardner was killed at the Narragansett 

swamp fight. 
1681. June 28; William Hathorne dies, lately, aged 74, having been in 

the town since 1636. 
1685. Jan. 6; Capt. George Curwen dies at 74, who came in 1638, and 

in 1688, Jan. 20, Hon. William Browne, aged 81, who arrived 

in 1635 ; these were the most noted persons in the town. 
1689. Nov. 10; Persons dismissed to constitute a Church at Salem 

Village, now Danvers, where they had preaching years before. 
1692. This year is memorable for the prevalence of the witchcraft 

delusion, twenty persons being tried and executed ; though 

designated "Salem Witchcraft," it had pervaded other places 

previously to its appearance here. 



214 

1697. March 27 ; Gov. Simon Bradstreet dies. 

1608. Feb. 28; Bartholomew Gedney dies, aged 52. 

1C98. June 28; Several dwellings wei'e burnt on the spot now partly 

covered by the Essex House, called the Great Fire till that of 

1774; damages, £5000. 
1700. Sept. 2 ; First Quarterly Meeting of Friends held in this place. 
1708. Dec. 7; Benjamin Browne dies, aged 60; made liberal bequests 

to schools in Salem and to Haiward College. 
1708. Dec. 9; Rev. John Higginsou dies, aged 92. 

1712. First Grammar School, anciently called a writing school, was 

established ; Nathaniel Higgiuson, teacher. 

1713. April 19 ; Ann, relict of Gov. Bradstreet, dies, aged 79. 

1713. April 24; Benjamin Gerrish, collector of the Port, dies, aged 60. 

1713. June 25; Persons dismissed to form a Church in the middle 

precinct, now Peabody. 

1714. May 13 ; Friends consider the building of a meeting house. 
1716. Feb. 14; Hon. Wm. Browne dies in his 78th year, leaving leg- 
acies to Harvard College, Salem Grammar Schools. 

1718. July 9; Jonathan Corwin dies, aged 78. 

1718. Dec. 25; Persons dismissed to form the East Church. 

1725. Oct. 17; Major Stephen Sewall dies, aged 68. 

1728. June 30; Middleton is incorporated. 

1728. Oct. 31 ; General Court assembles at Salem by order of Gov. 

Burnett. 
1740. March 17 ; Philip English dies, aged 89. 
1740. Sept. 29 ; Rev. George Whitefleld preaches on the Common to 

about six thousand people. 

1744. Bridge built over North River. 

1745. Jan. 28; Benjamin Lynde, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 

dies, aged 89. 

1745. July 17 ; Timothy Pickering born. 

1749. — : ; First Fire Engine. 

1755. Nov. 18 ; Great Earthquake. 

1760. March 31 ; Social Library established. 

1766. Salem Marine Society instituted. 

1767. July 14; Timothy Orne died, aged 50. 

1768. April — ; First Printing Press, by Samuel Hall. 

1772. Aug. 23 ; The new meeting house for the North Church and So- 

cietj' first opened for public worship. 

1773. March 26; Nathaniel Bowditch born. 

1773. Aug. 20; Benjamin Pickmau dies, aged 66. 

1774. Oct. 6 ; The Great Fire, Rev. Dr. Whitaker's Church, Custom 

House, eight dwelling houses, fourteen stores, shops, etc., 
burned. 



215 

1775. Feb. 26 ; Col. Leslie's rencontre at North Bridge. 

1776. Aug. 15 ; Ecv. Thomas Barnard, of the Pirst Church, dies. 

1777. Feb. 17 ; John Pickering, celebrated philologist, born. 

1780. May 19 ; Dark day. 

1781. Dec. ; Richard Derby, Jr., dies in his 46th year. 

1781. July 10; Stephen Abbott, the first commander of the Cadets, 
and other officers are commissioned. First parade of tliis 
company in uniform April 19, 1787. 

1784. June 15; The bark "Light Horse," Capt. Buffinton, cleared for 
St. Petersburg; first American vessel to trade there. Last 
arrival at Salem from St. Petersburg — ship "Eclipse," John- 
son, master — in September, 1843. 

1784. Oct. 29 ; Lafayette visited Salom. 

1785. Nov. 28; Cleared ship "Grand Turk" Capt. Ebenezer West, by 

Elias Haskett Derby ; first voyage from New England to In- 
dia and China. 
1787. May 22 ; Ship Gi'and Turk returns from Canton ; the first vessel 
of New England that performed such a voyage. 

1787. May 23 ; Artillery make their first public appearance under Za- 

dock Buffington. 

1788. Sept. 24 ; Beverly Bridge opened for travel. 

1789. Feb; Elias Hasket Derby sent the ship "Astrea", a direct voy- 

age to Canton for the first time. 
1789. Oct. 29 ; Washington visited Salem. 

1789. Dec. 15 ; First circulating librai-y opened by John Dabney. 
1792. July 2 ; Essex Bank, first in Salem, commenced business. 
1795. Nov. 3; Sch. "Rajah," Capt. Jonathan Carnes, cleared for India, 

sailed for Sumatra, first vessel, by Jonathan Peele. 
179G. May 4 ; W. H. Prescott the historian born. 
1797. Mar. 9 ; Salem and Danvers Aqueduct Corporation incorporated. 

1797. May; Ship "Astrea," Henry Prince, master, entered from Man- 

illa to Elias Hasket Derby ; first entry at Salem from Manilla. 

1798. Apr. 2G ; Capt. Joseph Ropes in the ship ' ' Recoveiy " for Mocha ; 

first American vessel to display the stars and stripes in that 
part of the world. 

1799. Sept. 8 ; Elias Hasket Derby dies. 

1799. Sept. 30 ; Launched the Frigate Essex, built by the merchants 

of Salem for the U. S. Government. 
1799. Oct. ; East India Marine Society organized. 
1799. Dec. 6 ; Judge Andrew Oliver died, aged 62. 
1802. The common levelled, fenced, and trees set out. 
1802. May 10; Ship Minerva, owned by Clifi'ord Crowninshield and 

Nath'l West, had lately returned from China, the first Salem 

vessel that had circumnavigated the globe. 



216 

1803. Mar. 8 ; Salem Bank incorporated, now Salem National. 

1803. Sept. 22 ; Salem Turnpike opened for travel. 

1804. July 4 ; Nath'l Hawthorne born. 

1805. Jan. 1 ; New South Meeting House dedicated. 

1805. July 4 ; Salem Light Infantry first paraded under Captain John 
Saunders. 

1807. July 4; Salem Mechanic Light Infantry first paraded under 

Perley Putnam. 

1808. May 15; Jacob Crowninshield, M. C, died, aged 38. 
1810. March 12; Salem Atheua3um incorporated. 

1810. June 1; Bark "Active," Capt. Wm. P. Kichardson, sailed from 

Salem on the first trading voyage from Salem to the Feejee 
Islands. 

1811. June2G; Merchant's Bank incoi'p. "National," Jan. 9, 18G5. 

1812. Feb. G; Consecration of Messrs. Judson, Newell, Nott, Hall 

and Rice as Missionaries to India, in the Tabernacle Church. 

1812. Feb. 19 ; Sailing of the Missionaries in the brig Caravan, Augus- 
tine Heard commander. 

1814. July 28; Benjamin Goodhue, U. S. Senator, dies. 

1814. Oct. 1; Rev. Thomas Barnard, of the North Church, dies, 
aged GG. 

1814. Dec. 14 ; Rev. Daniel Hopkins dies, aged 80. 

1815. June 17; George Crowninshield died, aged 81. 

1815. Oct. 14 ; William Orne died, aged 64. 

1816. Aug. 22; Great fire on Liberty Street, sixteen buildings des- 

troyed. 

1816. Nov. 16; Almshouse ready for occupancy. 

1817. July 4 ; Simon Forrester dies, aged 69. 

1817. July 8; President Monroe visits Salem, and was received in the 
new Town Hall, the first public use of this building. 

1817. Oct. 1 ; Salem Charitable Mechanic Association organized. 

1818. Jan. 29 ; Salem Savings Bank incorporated. 

1818. Feb. 16; Essex Agricultural Society organized. Col. Timothy 
Pickering, first president. 

1818. Present Custom House built by order of Congress. 

1819. April 19; Commercial Bank iucorp. First National, June, 1864. 

1820. Feb. 15 ; Salem Dispensary formed. 

1821. April 21 ; Essex Historical Society organized. 

1821. Nov. ; Brig "Thetis," Charles Fobes, master, arrived from Mad- 
agascar to N. L. Rogers & Bros. 

1823. Jan. 31 ; Exchange Bank incorporated. National, Feb. 18, 1865. 

1824. Feb. 9 ; Salem Marine Railway incorporated. 

1824. Feb. 7 ; Salem Lead Manufacturing Company incorporated. 
1824. June 12; Asiatic Bank incorporated. National, Feb. 1, 1865. 



217 

1824. Aug. 31 ; Lafayette visits Salem. 

1825. Nov. 3; William Gray dies at Boston. 

1826. Lead manufacture commenced in Salem, by Salem Lead Company 

on present site of Naumkeag Mills. 
1826. Feb. 15 ; Essex Marine Eailway incorporated. 

1826. May 8; Mercantile Bank incorporated. National, Jan. 10, 18G5. 

1827. Aug. 11; First vessel to enter at Salem Custom House from 

Zanzibar; three masted sch. "Spy," Andrew Ward, master, to 
Natli. L. Rogers & Bros. 

1827. Nov. ; Lectures before the Essex Lodge. The beginning of the 

present system of Lyceum Lectures. 

1828. Jan. 24 ; First Lecture before the Salem Mechanic Association. 
1828. Aug. 13; Centennial birthday of Dr. E. A. Holyoke. 

1828. Sept. 18 ; Essex Historical Society celebrates the bicentennial 

anniversary of the landing of Eudicott. 

1829. Jan. 29; Col. Timothy Pickering dies. 

1828. March 31; Dr. E. A. Holyoke dies, aged 100 yrs., 7 mos. 

1830. Jan. 18; Salem Lyceum organized. 

1830. Feb. 22 ; First lecture before the Salem Lyceum, by D. A. White. 
1830. April 6; Death of Capt. Joseph White. 

1830. Nov. 24 ; Thomas Perkins, merchant, died, aged 72. 

1831. Jan. 19; Lyceum Hall opened. 

1831. Mar. 17; Naumkeag Bank incorporated. National, Dec, 1864. 

1831. June 23; Police court established. 

1832. Ship "Tybee," Capt. Charles Millett, owned by N. L. Rogers 

& Brothers ; first American vessel to enter the ports of Aus- 
tralia. 
1882. August; Ship "Eclipse," William Johnson, master, consigned 
to Joseph Peabody ; last entry at Salem, direct from Canton. 

1833. June 26 ; Visit of President Jackson. 
1833. Oct. 29 ; Visit of Henry Clay. 

1833. Dec. 23 ; Essex County Natural History Society organized. 

183C. Feb. 15 ; The town voted to adopt a city form of Government. 

1836. March 22 ; Act to establish the City of Salem passed the Legis- 
lature. 

1836, April 4 ; City charter accepted ; 617 yeas, 185 nays. 

1836. Apr. 14; Eastern Railroad incorporated. 

1836. May 9; City Government organized; Leverett Saltoustall, 
Mayor, John G. King, President of Common Council. 

1838. March 16 ; Nathaniel Bowditch died at Boston. 

1838. May 31 ; City Hall first used for meetings of the City Council. 

1838. Aug. 27 ; Eastern Railroad opened for travel to Boston. 

1839. Feb. 27 ; Salem Children's Friend Society organized. 
1839. Nov. — ; Mechanic Hall opened. 



218 

1839. Dec. 10; Eastern Railroad Branch from Salem to Marblehead 
opened. 

1839. Dec. 18 ; Eastern Railroad opened to Ipswich. 

1840. Feb. 19 ; Harmony Grove Cemetery incorporated. 
1840. June 14 ; Harmony Grove Cemetery consecrated. 
1840. June 19 ; Eastern Railroad opened to Newburyport. 

1840. Nov. 9 ; Eastern Railroad opened to the New Hampshire line. 

1842. March 21 ; The stone Court House was first opened. The Court 

of Common Pleas commenced its session. 

1843. Aug. IG ; Hon. Benjamin Pickman died, aged 80. 

1844. Jan. 5 ; Joseph Peabody died, aged 86. 

1844. Dec. 18 ; Great fire on Front street. 

1845. May 8 ; Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, first Mayor of Salem, died, 

aged G2. 

1845. Sept. 10; Joseph Story, Justice U. S. Supreme Court, died at 

Cambridge, aged 66. 

1846. May 5 ; Hon. John Pickering died at Boston, aged 69. 
1846. Aug. 31 ; Salem Academy of Music organized. 

1846. Oct. 22; Ichabod Tucker died, aged 81. 

184G. Nov. ; Brig "Lucilla," D. Marshall, master, to Tucker Daland; 
last entry at Salem from Sumatra. 

1846. Nov. 4 ; Hon. Dudley L. Pickman died, aged 67. 

1847. Feb. 8 ; Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company commenced weaving. 
1847. May — ; Foundations laid for stone depot of Eastern Railroad. 
1847. May 31 ; First parade of the City Guards under Capt. R. H. Far- 
rant. 

1847. July 5 ; James K. Polk passed through Salem. 

1847. July 30; Benjamin Merrill, a distinguished lawyer, died, aged 

63. 

1848. Feb. 11; Essex Institute incorporated. 

1848. Sept. 5 ; Essex Railroad opened to Lawrence. 

1848. Oct. 27; Brig "Mary & Ellen," owned by S. C. Phillips, Capt. 

J. H. Eagleston, cleared for the Sandwich Isles, via California ; 
fli-st vessel from Massachusetts after the gold discoveiy. 

1849. June 12 ; First field meeting of Essex Institute at Danvers. 
1849. Sept. 24; First Exhibition of Salem Charitable Mechanic Asso- 
ciation. 

1849. Sept. 25 ; Philharmonic Society organized. 

1850. Aug. 1 ; Salem & Lowell Railroad opened. 

1850. Sept. — ; South Reading Branch Railroad opened. 
1850. April 4 ; Salem Gas Light Co. organized. 
1850. Dec. 17 ; The stores were lighted with gas for the first time. 
1850. July 14 ; Hon. Nathaniel Silsbee, U. S. Senator, died, aged 77 
years. 



219 

1851. Feb. 3; Benjamin "W. Crowninshield, M. C. and U. S. Sec. Navy, 
died in Boston, aged 79. 

1851. Dec. 19 ; Nathaniel West, merchant, died, aged 9G years. 

1852. Feb. 22 ; Joseph E. Sprague, for many years sheriff of Essex, 

died aged 70. 

1853. July 3 ; Hon. Samuel Putnam died at Somerville, aged 85. 

1854. May 15; Caroline Plummer died, aged 7-i. 

1854. Sept. 14; Salem State Normal School dedicated. Address by 

Hon. G. S. Boutwell. R. Edwards, Principal. 

1855. Mar. 9 ; Salem Five Cents Savings Bank incorporated. 

1855. Nov.; Bark "Witch," consigned to Edward D. Kimball; last 

entry at Salem from Batavia. 

1856. March 18 ; Salem Classical and High School dedicated. Ad- 

dress by H. K. Oliver. 

1857. June 2G ; Hon. Stephen C. Phillips, member of Congress, sec- 

ond Mayor of Salem, died, a victim to a steamboat disaster 
on the St. Lawrence River, aged 56. 
1857. July 2G ; Hon. John Glen King died, aged 70. 

1857. Oct. 6 ; Plummer Hall dedicated. Address by Rev. J. M. Hop- 

pin. 

1858. July; Bark "Dragon," Thomas C. Dunn, master, entered from 

Manilla, consigned to Benj. A. West ; last entry at Salem from 
Manilla. 

1859. Jan. 28; William H. Prescott, the historian, died at Boston, 

aged 62. 

1859. June 8 ; Mansion House fire. 

1860. Oct. 21 ; Franklin Building fire. 

1860. Sept. 4 ; Fair of the Essex Institute opened in Mechanic Hall. 

1861. March 29 ; Hon. Daniel A. White, first President of Essex In- 

stitute, died, aged 85. 

1861. April 18 ; Salem Light Infantry, Capt. Arthur F. Devereux, left 
Salem for Washington. (Three days after Pres. Lincoln's 
Proclamation.) 8th Regt. 

1861. April 19; City Government of Salem appropriated $15,000 for 
the benefit of families of Salem men enlisting for the war. 
(Other appropriations were subsequently made.) 

1861. April 20 ; Salem Mechanic Light Infantry, Capt. Geo. H. Pier- 
sou, and Salem City Guards, Capt. Henry Danforth, left Salem 
for Washington; joining the 5th Regt., M. V. 

1861. May 10 ; Fiehl Hospital Corps raised by Rev. G. D. Wildes, D.D. 
This corps was raised in Salem and vicinity, and composed 
of sixty volunteei'S. It w^as the first effort for an ambulance 
department in the army. 

1861. May 10; Fitzgerald Guards, Capt. Edward Fitzgerald left for 
camp with the 9 th Reg. 



220 

1861. May 14; The Andrew Light Guard, Company C, 2nd Regt,, 
Capt. William Cogswell, left Salem to join the Regt. 

ISGl. July 22; Essex Cadets (company raised by A. Parker Brown), 
Capt. Seth S. Buxton, left Salem. 

1861. Sept. 3 ; First company of sharp-shooters (unattached), left the 
State for Washington. This company was armed with tele- 
scopic rifles. 

1861. Sept. 4 ; Company A, 23d Mass. Vols., Capt. Ethan A. P. Brew- 
ster, left Salem for camp in Lynnfield. 

1861. Sept. 7; Company under Capt. John F. Devereux left Salem for 
camp. 

1861. Sept. 30; Salem Union Drill Club, Capt. George M. Whipple, 
votes to enlist for the war. Oct. 18 the company joined the 
23d Regt. (Co. F) in camp at Lynnfield. 

1861. Oct. 8; Second company of sharp-shooters, Capt. E. Went- 
worth, attached to the 22d Reg., left for the front. 

1861. Oct. 31; 23d Regt., Col. John Kurtz, marched from camp at 
L5mnfield to Salem; were reviewed on the Common by the 
City Government ; collation served ; the Regiment marched 
back to camp in the afternoon. 

1861. Nov. 15; Co. H, 19th Reg., Capt. C. U. Devereux, commissioned 
(S. L. L). 

1861. Nov. 20 ; Salem Artillery (4th Battery) Capt. C. H. Manning, left 
the State. 

1861. Dec. 9; Capt. John Daland's and Capt. Geo. F. Austin's compa- 
nies, left the State for the front; both were in the 24th Reg., 
Col. Stevenson. 

1861. Dec. 13; Salem Light Infantry under Capt. Chas. U. Devereux, 

left for the seat of war. 
18G1. Dec. — ; Old Ladies' Home opened. 

1862. March 8 ; Funeral of Gen. F. W. Lander. Address by Rev. G. 

W. Briggs in the South Church. 
1862. March 21; Funeral of Lieut. Col. Henry Merritt, 23rd Reg. 

Mass. Vol. 
1862. March 26 ; Fire Browne's Block, 226 Essex street. 
1862. May 26; Second company of Cadets, Maj. John L. Marks, mus- 
tered for garrison duty in the forts of Boston Harbor. 
1862. Aug. 22; Capt. S. C. Oliver's company in 3oth Reg. left the 

State. 
1862. Sept. 8; 40th Reg., Lieut. Col. J. A. Dalton, left the State for 

Washington. 
1862. Sept. 8; Co. B, 40th Reg., Capt. D. H. Johnson, left camp for 

Washington. 
1862. Sept. 8; Salem City Guards, 40th Reg., Capt. H. Danforth, left 

the State. 



221 

1862. Sept. 8; Company under Capt. R. Skinner, jr. (40tli Eeg.), left 

the State. 
18G2. Oct. 4 ; Salem Light Infantry Veteran Association organized. 
1862. Oct. 22; 5th Eeg., Col. Geo. H. Pierson, left Boston for New- 

bern, N. C. (nine month's service). 
1862. Nov. 19 ; Co. A, 50th Reg., Capt. Geo. D. Putnam, left the State 

for Department of the Gulf. (Nine month's service.) 
1862. Dec. 21; Co. F, 11th Reg., Capt. J. F. Devereux, commissioned. 

1862. Dec. 27; Co. E, 48th Reg., Capt. Geo. Wheatland, jr., left the 

State for Department of the Gulf. 

1863. Jan. 25 ; New Jerusalem Church formed in Salem, Rev. T. W. 

Hayward, pastor. 
1863. March 19 ; Salem Union League formed. Rev. Geo. "W. Briggs, 

president. 
1863. March 31 ; David Pingree, sixth Maj^or of Salem, died. 
1863. July 8 ; Horse cars commenced to run between Salem and South 

Danvers. 
1863. July 10 ; Drafting commenced in Salem at Lyceum, Hall under 

dii'ectiou of Capt. D. H. Johnson, provost marshal. 
1863. Oct. 28; Horse cars to Beverly. 

1863. Nov. 16. 12th unattached company of Heavy Artillery, Capt. J. 

M. Richardson, occupied the forts on Salem Neck. 

1864. Horse cars to South Salem. 

1864. May 12 ; Salem Light Infantry, Capt. R. W. Reeves, left Salem 

for one hundred days garrison duty. 
1864. May 13 ; Act passed by Massachusetts Legislature authorizing 

the city to take water from Wenham Pond or the aqueduct 

sources. 
1864. May 19 ; Nathaniel Hawthorne died at Plymouth, N. H., aged 60. 
1864. June 23 ; Company of Heavy Artillery, Capt. Joseph M. Parsons, 

left camp for AYashiugton. 
1864. July 28; 5th Reg., Col. Geo. H. Peirson, left the State for one 

hundred days duty. 
1864. Sept. 22; Salem Freedmen's Aid Society formed; president, 

Alpheus Crosby. 

1864. Dec. 5 ; Act of Legislature on the water question accepted by the 

people; yes, 1623 votes; no, 151. 

1865. May 22 ; City Council of Salem passes an ordinance authorizing 

the Commissioners to commence operations on the Water 
Works. 

1866. May 14 : Lynde Block destroyed by fire. 

1867. March 2; Peabody Academy of Science organized. 

1867. Oct. 31 ; Francis Peabody, third President of the Essex Insti- 
tute, died, aged 66. 



222 

18G7. Nov. 15 ; Phil. H. Sheridan, Post 34, Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, chartered. 

1868. April 15; Commenced laying the distribution pipes of "Water 
Works, 

1868. Oct. 9; Reservoir on Chipraan Hill in Beverly completed. 

1868. Oct, 30 ; John A. Andrew died, 

1868, Nov. 17; Salem Oratorio Society organized. 

1868. Dec. 25 ; Water in every part of the city for hydrants. 

1869. Feb. 1 ; First Public Performance of Salem Oratorio Society, 

"Haydn's Creation." 

1869. Feb. 8 ; Joseph Andrews, ninth Mayor of Salem, died. 

1869. April 21 ; Salem Fraternity rooms opened in Downing Block. 

1869. June 4 ; Horse Cars commenced running to North Salem. 

1869. Aug. 19 ; American Association for the Advancement of Sci- 
ence commenced its session in Salem. Museum of Peabody 
Academy of Science dedicated. 

1869. Nov. 4; George Peabody died at Loudon, aged 74. 

1869. Nov. 6 ; Tolls on Salem Turnpike and Chelsea Bridge abolished, 

henceforth a free public highway. 

1870. Feb. 8; Funeral of George Peabody at Peabody; his remains 

deposited in Harmony Grove Cemetery. 

1870. May 1; Last entry from Zanzibar; bark "Glide" to John Ber- 
tram. 

1870. Oct. 31 ; Fair of the Essex Institute and Salem Oratorio Society 
commenced in Mechanic Hall ; first occupancy since the en- 
largement and alteration. 

1870. Sept. 23 ; Plummer Farm School on Winter Island opened. 

1870. Sept. 5; Asahel Huntington, eighth Mayor of Salem and second 
President of Essex Institute, died, aged 70. 

1870. Oct. 22 ; First lecture before the Salem Fraternity, by H. K. 

Oliver. 

1871. April 21; semi-centennial anniversary of the Essex Historical 

Society; noticed by the Essex Institute; address by A. C. 

Goodell, jr. 
1871. Oct. 3 ; The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 

Missions commenced its sessions in Salem. 
1873. Feb. 19 ; Corporators of. the Salem Hospital organized. 
1873. Mar. 5 ; Twenty-fifth anniversary of the Essex Institute noticed. 
1873, July ; Last entry from West Coast of Africa, Brig Ann Elizabeth 

from Sierra Leone, to Charles Hofl'inan. 

1873. Dec. 16; One hundredth anniversary of the destruction of the 

Tea in Boston Harbor, commemorated by the Essex Institute; 
Hon. James Kimball delivered an address. 

1874. June 29 ; Hon. Joseph S. Cabot, fourth Mayor of Salem, died, 

aged 78, 



223 

1874. Oct. 1 ; First Patient received in Salem Hospital. 

1874. Oct. 5 ; Centennial Anniversary of the Meeting of the Provincial 

Legislature in Salem, Oct. 5, 1774, noticed by the Essex In- 
stitute; A. C. Goodell, jr., Esq., delivered an address. 

1875. Feb. 8; Centennial Anniversary of Leslie's Retreat at North 

Bridge, Salem, noticed by the city authorities ; addresses by 
the Mayor, Hon. G. B. Loring and Rev. E. B. Willson. 

1875. March 25 ; Holly Tree Inn opened. 

1875. June 14; Hon. Charles W. Upham, seventh Mayor of Salem, 
died, aged 73. 

1875. Dec. — ; Exhibition of Antique Furniture, etc., at Plummer 

Hall, by Ladies' Centennial Committee. 

1876. Apr. 19 ; Centennial Ball at Mechanic Hall given by Ladies' Cen- 

tennial Committee. 

1876. May 8; Dedication of the City Hall extension. 

1877. Mar. 21 ; Last entry from Cayenne, and close of the foreign 

trade of Salem; sch. "Mattie F." to C. E. & B. H. Fabens. 
1877. Sept. 13 ; Salem Old Men's Home opened, admitted first inmates. 

1877. Dec. 12 ; Salem Old Men's Home incoi-porated. 

1878, Sept. IS ; Commemorative Exercises at Mechanic Hall, by the 

Essex Institute, on the 250th anniversary of the lauding of 
John Endicott at Salem. 



INDEX OE NAMES. 



Abbot, 193. 

Abbott, -215. 

Adams. 17. 53, 59, 61, 1S5, 198. 

Allen, 37, 1&5. 

Andrew, 22-2. 

Andrews, 222. 

Andros, 179. 

Appleton. 184, 187, 189, 191, 192, 200, 203. 

Archer. 209, 210. 

Arnold, 64. 

Ashton, 200. 

Atkinson. 204. 

Atwood, 81, 209, 210. 

Austin, 210, 220. 

Bache, 52, 53. 

Bacon, H5, 150,210. 

Bailey. 193, 198. 

Balch, 45, 46, 47. 212. 

Bancrott, 30, 177. 

Barlow, 198. 

Barnard, 215, 216. 

Barrett, 202. 

Barstow, 01, 18S, 200. 

Bartlett, 193, 198. 

Batchelder, 210. 

Bates, 198. 

Barley, 198. 

Becket. 185. 

Bcckford. 196. 

Bedney, 100. 

Bennett. 209. 

Bentlev, 31, 102, 105, 106. 109, 110. 111. 

Bertram. 78, 207, 208, 222. 

Boardraan, 185, 201. 

Bodtish, 210. 

Bolles. 18, 51, 197, 209, 210. 

Boutwell, 219. 

Bowditch, 25, 31, 52, 79, 122, 201, 206, 214, 

217. 
Bowdoin, 210. 
Bowker, 210. 
Bradbury, 191,210, 
Bradford, 159. 170, 171. 
Bradstreet, 179, 214. 
Brazer. 123, 184, 187, 189, 197, 202. 
Brewster, 220. 
Brings, 188. 220, 221. 
Brooks, 8, 72, 95. 210. 
Brown, 73, 197, 205, 207, 209, 210, 220. 
Browne. 56. 169, 172, 213, 214. 
Buffington, 215. 
Buflfum, 114. 
Burke, 92. 

15 



Burley, 194. 
Burnett, 214. 
Bnrnham, 191. 
Bush, 209. 
Buxton, 220. 



Cabot, 37, 192, 200, 204, 222. 

Call, 204. 

Callev, 207. 

Calvin. 150, 172. 

Carlton, 73. 

Carnes, 215. 

Cassell. 13. 

Cave, 194. 

Chadwick, 209. 

Chalmer. 168. 

Chandler, 190. 

Chanuing. 199. 

Chase, 209. 

Chauncy, 201. 

Chipman, 207. 

Choate, 17, 25, 61, 65, 66, 67, 73. 123, 150, 

186, 188, 194, 210. 
Churchill, 10, 55, 210. 
Chute, 209. 
Clapp, 198. 
Clark, 37. 209. 
Clarke. 201,210. 
Clay. 62, 217. 
Cleveland, 201. 
(;iiftord, 185 
Coddington. 93. 
Cogswell, 220. 
Coke. 177. 

Colman. 37, 198, 202. 
Conant, 14. 2«<. 45, 46, 47, 68, 69, 70, 107, 

111, 112, 119,154,150,212. 
Cook, 210. 
Cotton, 49. 
Corwin, 214. 
Cradock, 29, 56, 120, 160, 161 108, 169, 173, 

174. 
Cromwell, 146, 147, 178, 179. 
Cronenshilt, 185. 
Ciosbv, 221. 
Crowiiinshield, 58, 59, 61. 123. 18."., 186, 

188, 204, 206, 215, 216, 219. 
Cummins, 186, 194, 195. 
Curtis, 198. 
Curwen. 204, 210, 213. 
Cushing. 195, 204. 
Cutler. 186. 198. 
Cults, 72. 



(225) 



226 



Dabney, 215. 

Dahmd, 218. 220. 

DaUon.20i), 220. 

Dana, 1!»:5. 

Dane, 17, 122. 101. 192. 

Danfortli, 219, 220. 

Dailey, 120. 

Davis, 11>2. 202, 210. 

Dean, 184, 210. 

Deane. 27, KiS, 210, 

Deblois, 19(i, 11)8. 

DeGersdoi-f, 210. 

Derby, 30, 37, 57. 76, 77, 98, 102, 113, 123, 

18.5, 18(), 20(), 207, 210, 215. 
Devereux, 204, 219, 220, 221. 
Dexter, 198, 210. 
Dickersoii, 213. 
Dod^e, 37. 187, 201, 202, 204. 
Dolliver, 100. 
Downing, 23, 73. 

Dudley, 29. 49, 169, 174, 179, 203, 210. 
Duncan, 190. 
Dunn, 219. 
Dutch, 100. 

Eagle8ton,218. 

Eaton, 197. 

Edwards, 219. 

Elkins, 189. 203. 

Ellis, 190. 

Emerson, 197. 

Emilio, 209. 

Enimerton, 209, 210. 

Endii-ott, 1,3, 10, 13. 14, 15, 27, 29. 30, 31. 
36, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, .56, 57, 
65, 6(>, 67. 69. 70, 73, 74, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 
91, 93, 94, 107, 111, 112, 119, 143, 147, 151, 
1.52, 1.53, 154, 155, 156, 157, 1.58, 1.59, 160, 
162, 163, 1()4, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 
171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 183, 
195, 202, 210, 211, 212, 213, 217. 

English, 214. 

Everett, 15, 27, 59. 

Fabens, 223. 

Farley. 201. 

Farnhani. 188. 

Farrant, 218. 

Farrar, 15. 

Felt, 72, 177, 198, 209. 

Fenno, 210. 

Fielden, 210. 

Fisher, 19S). 

Fitch, 120. 

Fitz, 209. 

Fitzgerald, 219. 

Flint, 37, 123, 186, 189, 198, 

Fobes, 21(i. 

Foote, 80, 210. 

Force. 155, 1.58. 

Forrester. 188, 216. 

Foster, 186. 

Fowler, 209. 

Fov, 92. 

Franklin. ,52, 194. 

Franks. 210. 

Freeman, 198. 

rrothingham,210. 

Frve, 101. 

Fuller, 159, 170, 199. 

Garduer, 200, 210, 213. 



Gavton, 195. 

Geclnev, 214. 

Gerrisii, 214. 

Gibbs, 188, 202. 

Gifford. 104. 209, 210. 

Gilman, 194,202. 

Goffe. 120. 

Goldthwaite, 210. 

Goodell,3, 209. 222, 223. 

Goodhue, 58, 205, 216. 

GooU, 191, 200. 

Gott, 171. 

Govea, 209. 

Gray, 30, 44, 77, 73. 123, 169, 177, 207, 217. 

Greeu. 210. 

Greenleaf, 184. 

Grigsby. 88. 

Grove, 210. 

Guild, 197. 

Hacker, 101. 

Ilagar, 209, 210, 

Hall, 214, 216. 

Hardy, 186, 205. 

Harper, 210. 

Harrington, 210. 

Harris. 99, 199, 202, 210. 

Hart, 198. 

Hasket, 186. 

Haskett, 76, 206. 

Hathorne, 106, 188, 213. 

Haven. 154. 

Hawthorne, 31, 42, 74, 123, 216, 221. 

Haynes, 187, 192. 

Hay ward, 221. 

Heard, 210. 216. 

Hemans, 10. 

Hewes, 190. 

Higginson, 15, 29, 46, 48, 64, 107, 120, 151, 

158, 160, 163, 164, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 

212, 213, 214. 
11111,8,210. 

Hoilges, 185, 201, 206, 211. 
Hollman, 37, 222. 
Holmau, 203. 
Holmes, 59. 94, 190, 208. 
Holyoke, 15, 27, 52, 87, 102, 122, 184, 199, 

205, 217. 
Hood, 73. 
Hooker, 150. 
Hooper, 187. 
Hopkins, 197, 216. 
Hoppin, 219. 
Howard, 202. 
Howe, 208, 211. 
Howes, 169, 194. 
Hubbard, 111, 154, 171, 200. 
Huger, 197. 
Humphreys, 154. 
Hunt, 196, 207, 209, 211. 
Huntington, 195, 196, 211, 222. 
Hard, 187. 
Hutchinson, 157, 168, 169, 178. 

Ingalls, 187. 
Ingersoll, 201. 
Israel, 63. 64, 209, 211. 
Ives, 37, 97, 211. 

Jackson, 200, 217. 
.lacques, 99. 
Jaijuish, 99. 



227 



Jefferson, 58, 59, 60, 206. 

Jeffry, 201, 206. 

Jeneks, 36. 

Jenkins, 211. 

Jenks. 202. 

Johnson, 49, 120, 174, 209, 212, 215, 217, 

220,221. 
Jones, 198. 
Joseph, 100. 
Judson, 216. 

Kehew. 209. 

Ketcluim, 211. 

Kimball. 3. 209, 211, 219, 222. 

King, 17, 93, 123, 189, 194, 196, 204, 217, 219. 

Kittredge, 194. 

Knight, 207. 

Kurtz, 220. 

Lafayette, 217. 
Lander, 25, 191, 220. 
Lang, 5, 100, 209, 211. 
Lathrop. 213. 
Law. 213. 
Lawrence, 200. 
Leavitt. 192, 203. 
Lee, 200, 211. 
Lefavour, 209, 211. 
Legros, 208. 
Leslie, 70, 215, 223. 
Leverett, 192, 204. 
Lincoln, 115, 199, 211, 219. 
Liszt, 73. 
Lord, 195,196. 
Loring, 37, 55, 183, 223. 
Louvriere, 100. 
Luther, 172. 
Lynde, 120, 183, 214. 

Machado, 209. 

Mac Intire, 208. 

Mack, 211. 

Madison, 17, 61. 

Manning, 36, 57, 185, 199, 209, 211, 220. 

Marks, 220. 

Marshall. 218. 

Martineau, 75. 

3Iason, 203. 

Masury, 203. 

Mather, 70, 111. 

Meachum, 198, 205. 

Mead, 188. 

Mendelssohn, 73. 

Merrill, 17, 188, 192, 193, 194, 211 218. 

Merritt, 220. 

Messinger, 197. 

Micklefleld, 100. 

Miller. 184. 

Millet, 208. 

Millett, 217. 

Mills, 5, 7, 11, 14, 211. 

Milton, 149. 

Missud, 13. 

Monarch, 100. 

Monroe, 17, 216. 

Moody, 186. 

3Ioore. 197, 211. 

More, 147. 

Morton,158, 160, 171. 

Moiilton, 211. 

Mullet, 100, 

Muinford, 100. 



Nevins, 211. 
Newell, 37. 216. 
Nichols, 37, 184, 199, 200. 
Norman, 68. 
Nortliev, 204. 
Norris,"l94, 213. ' 
Norton, 213. 
Nott, 216. 
Nourse, 211. 

Olcutt, 186. 

Oldham, 163. 

Oliver, 21, 22, 24, 59, 100, 102, 183, 211, 215, 

219,220,222. 
Orne, 114, 187, 192, 201, 214, 216. 
Osborne, 209. 
Osgood, 188. 195, 209. 
Ostinelli, 101. 

Page, 105, 197, 200. 

Paine, 192. 

Palfray, 196, 211. 

Palfrey. 30, 45. 46, 47, 151, 155, 156, 158, 

172, 173, 178, 212. 
Papanti, 101. 
Parr. 28. 
Parris, 120. 
Parsons, 186,221. 
Peabodv, 30, 35, 37, 45, 78, 80, 123, 194, 

202. 203, 207, 211, 217, 218, 221, 222. 
Pedrick, 183, 205. 

Peele, 189. 203. 215. 

Peirce. 25, 31,51,203, 211. 

Peirson, 184, 200, 211, 221. 

Perchard, 208. 

Perkins, 217. 

Peters, 64. 107, 108,213. 

Phillips, 62, 123, 188, 218, 219. 

Phippen, 211. 

Pickering, 17, 31, 37, 57, 60, 63, 123, 184, 

185, 188, 190, 191, 192, 199, 201, 214, 215, 

216, 217. 218. 
Pickett, 211. 
Pickman, 30, 59, 60, 123, 184, 180, 188, 195, 

203, 211, 214, 218. 
Pierce, 198. 
Pierson,219, 221. 
Pingree, 221. 
Plummer, 219. 
Polk. 218. 
Poore, 37. 
Porter. 194, 206. 
Prentice, 205. 

Prescott, 31, 123, 192, 194, 202, 215, 219. 

Price, 213. 

Prince, 101, 123, 190, 196, 215. 

Proctor, 37, 203. 

Pulsifer, 209. 

Putnam, 17, 21, 31, 37, 72, 123, 183, 187, 

189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 202, 203, 

209, 211, 216, 219, 221. 
Pyuchon, 120, 183. 

Quincy, 15, 27, 59, 60, 192, 199. 

Ramsey, 90. 

Rawlins, 184. 

Read, 58. 

Reed, 187, 197, 205, 206. 

Reeves, 221. 

Rice. 19, 39, 211, 216. 

Eichardson, 216, 221. 



228 



Richie, 205. 

Rittenhouse, 52. 

Rol)inson, 196, 211. 

Rogers, 123, 187, 204, 211, 216, 217. 

Ropes, 187, 200, 201, 204, 208, 211, 215. 

Roswell, 154, 160. 

Russell, 211. 

Safford, 211. 

Salisbury, 155. 

Saltonstull, 17, 22, 29, 31,1.37, 46, 47, 49, 62, 

66, 73, 120, 123, 174, 189, 190, 192, 195, 

211,217,218. 
Sanders, 189, 203. 
Sauiulers, 216. 
Savage, 100. 
Scott, 22, 195. 
Sever, 197. 

Sewal], 183,191,201,214. 
Sevrell, 120. 
Shakspeare, 150. 
Sharpe, 163. 
Shaw, 198. 
Sheffield, 14. 
Sheridan, 222. 
Shillaber, 195. 
Sidney, 150. 
Silliman, 197. 
Silsbee, 30, 60, 61, 75, 77, 80, 123, 183, 185, 

186, 188, 204, 211, 218. 
Silver, 211. 
Simonds, 209, 212. 

Skelton, 120, 160, 163, 169, 170, 171, 212. 
Skinner, 221. 

Smith, 202, 203, 207, 208, 209. 
Southcote, 154. 
Southwick, 70. 
Sparliawk, 203. 
Spencer, 99. 
Spenser, 150, 
Spiller, 209. 
Sprague, 59, 193, 219. 
Stanley, 28, 39, 40, 41, 208, 212. 
Stearns, 193. 
Stedman, 193. 
Stevenson, 220. 
Stillman, 197. 
Stirapson, 209, 212. 
Stone, 192, 199, 213. 
Storer, 202. 
Story, 10, 15, 17, 25, 27, 31, 59, 60. 93, 117, 

lis, 183, 184, 186, 190, 192, 194, 195, 205, 

218. 
Stoughton, 120. 
Strong, 191. 
Strout, 98. 
Sullivan, 212. 
Sutton, 37, 209. 

Taber, 197. 
Thornton, 159. 
Ticknor, 15. 
Tilghman, 192. 
Topi)an, 186, 203. 
Towne, 86, 209. 
Townsend, 184. 
Trairk, 36. 
Treadwell, 204. 
True, 100. 
Tucker, 17, 192, 196, 218. 



Tuckerman, 212. 
Tyler, 187. 
Tyndale, 148. 

Upham, 3, 63, 108, 113, 123, 185, 190, 197, 

199, 203, 204, 209, 212, 223. 
Upton, 189. 

Vane, 63. 

Van Schalkwych, 187. 
Varnum, 190. 
Vassall, 120. 
Vaudin, 208. 
Venn, 157. 
Very, 7. 212. 
Vial, 184. 

Waite, 204. 

Waldo, 183, 197. 

Walker, 188. 

Walley, 195. 

Walsh, 195. 

Ward, 199, 204, 207, 217. 

Ware, 37. 

Warren, 197. 

Washington, 17, 102, 185. 

Waterhonse, 199. 

Waters, 16, 184, 195. 

Waterson, 27. 

Webb. 80, 196, 202, 204, 212. 

Webber, 212. 

Webster, 15, 27, 59, 212. 

Wendell, 59. 

Wentworth, 220. 

West, 10, 76, 212, 215, 219. 

Wetmore, 183, 187, 191. 

Wharton, 91. 

Wheatland, 3, 14, 26, 80, 86, 88, 89, 92, 94, 

183, 209, 212, 221. 
Whetcombe, 154. 
Whipple, 85, 90, 91, 209, 212, 220. 
Whitaker, 214. 
White, 17, 65, 111, 123, 155, 1.58, 184, 187, 

189, 190, 191, 192, 201, 204, 205, 217, 219. 
Wliitefield, 214. 
Whittier, 91. 
AVigglesworth, 52. 
Wilder, 33, 40, 187, 212. 
Wildes, 219. 
Willard, 189, 205. 

Williams, 93, 107, 108, 120, 196, 209, 212. 
Willis, 190. 
Willson, 223. 
Wilson, 49. 
Wingate, 184. 
Winn, 201. 
Winthrop, 15, 26. 29, 30, 31, 39, 41, 45, 46, 

47, 48, 50, 52, .53, 56, 59, 66, 67, 80, 151, 

1.53, 157, 159, 168, 169, 174, 175, 179, 188, 

212. 
Wirt, 186. 
Woodbridge, 188. 
Woodburv, 45, 46, 47, 89, 212. 
Woolsey,"l47. 
Worcester, 198. 
Wotton, 150. 

Young, 111, 158, 159, 168, 174, 201. 
Younge, 154. 



ERRATA. 



Page 8, 16 lines from top, for fullflll read fulfil. 

Page 52, 10 lines fi-om top, for Rittenhouso read Eittenhouse. 

Page 52, 22 lines from top, for academies read academicians. 

Page 67, 30 lines from top, for Aspinum read Arpinum. 

Page 76, 27 lines from top, for Haskett read Basket. 

Page 80, 2 lines from top, for 1820 read 1823. 

Page 190, 5 lines from top, for Henry James read James Henry. 

Page 206, 25 lines from top, for Haskett read Hasket. 

Page 219, 37 lines from top, for Pierson read Peirson. 

Page 221, 4 lines from top, for Pierson read Peirson. 



NOTE. 



The thanks of the Essex Institute are due to the New England Historic-Genea- 
logical Society, for the use of the plate of Gov. Endicott from which the impres- 
sions for this volume were madCt 

(229) 



/3 J aJ^-is-f^^ 

PUBLICATIONS OF 

THE ESSEX INSTITUTE. 



HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS, issued quarterly, at three dollars a 
jrcar, coutaiiiing papers of Historical, Genealogical and Biographical 
interest, which will be found valuable to students in these departments, 
and also to persons interested in local history. 

In the fifteen volumes already published will be found, among other 
articles, memoirs of the following persons. Daniel A. White, George A. 
Ward, Daniel P. King, Francis Pcabody, Asahel Huntington, John Lewis 
Russell, Benjamin F. Browne, John C. Lee. Genealogies of the Gould's, 
Chipmau's, Browne's, Pope's, Fiske's, Ropes', Hutchinson's, Beckett's, 
Higginson's, and others. Papers on the early commerce of Salem, Salem 
Witchcraft, various Anniversary Addresses, the Siege of Boston, Town 
Records of Salem, &c. 

THE BULLETIN, also issued quarterly, being a continuance of the 
well known '^Proceedings of the Essex Institute." The Bulletin contains an 
account of the Regular and Field Meetings of the Society, aud occasional 
papers of scientific value. 

In the volume for 1879, will appear the Fishes of Essex County, by 
G. B. Goode and T. H. Bean, of the U. S. Fish Commission. A paper 
on the Solar Eclipse of 1878, by Mr. Winslow Upton, of the Harvard 
Observatory. The Trees and Shrubs of Essex Couuty, by Mr. John 
Robinson, aud other valuable and interesting articles. The last named 
paper by Mr. Robinson, will be issued separately, bound in cloth, ready 
about June 10. Six volumes of the Proceedings and ten of the Bulletin 
have been published. 



About the 1st of ]\Iay ^vill be published an Historical Sketch of Salem 
by Charles S. Osgood and Henry M. Batchelder. It will be an octavo 
volume. of about three hundred pages, with heliotype illustrations, among 
which will be found portraits of Salem merchants, aud prominent men. 
The book will he largely devoted to the early commerce of Salem. It 
will be printed on heavy tinted paper, and handsomely bound in cloth. 
Price two dollars and a half. 

A priced catalogue of the publications, (separate papers, communi- 
cations, &c.,) has been printed, and may be had on application. 

Address all business communications to 

GEORGE M. WHIPPLE, Secketauy, 

Salem, Mass. 
Salem, March 15, 1870. 



THE 

FIFTH HALF CENTURY 

OF THE 

Landing of John Endicott 



SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. 



COMMEMORATIVE EXERCISES 

BY THE 

ESSEX INSTITUTE 

SEPTEMBER i8, 187S. 



From the HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE 



SALEM : 

riilXTKD FOK THE ESSKX IXSTITUTK 

1870. 






^-7 
/ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




